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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Norþimris
|name = Norþimris
|altname = Northimris, Northumbrian
|nativename = Norþimris
|nativename = Norþimris
|pronunciation = [nɔɹˈθɪmɾɪs]
|pronunciation = nɔɹˈθɪmɾɪs
|creator = Neil Whalley
|creator = Neil Whalley
|region = Great Britain
|setting = Great Britain
|states = Norþimer
|states = Norþimer
|nation = Norþimer
|nation = Norþimer
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|date = 2011
|date = 2011
|familycolor = Indo-European
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2=[[Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam2=[[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|fam3=[[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
|fam3=[[w:West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
|fam4=[[Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo-Frisian]]
|fam4=[[w:Anglo-Frisian languages|Anglo-Frisian]]
|fam5=[[English languages|Anglic]]
|fam5=[[w:Anglic languages|Anglic]]
|ancestor=[[Old English]]
|ancestor=[[w:Old English|Old English]]
|ancestor2=[[Early Norþimris]]
|ancestor2=[[Early Norþimris]]
|script       = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]]
|script1       = Latn
}}
}}


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The period ''c.''1100-1600 is called Early Norþimris. At the start of this period the language was really indistinguishable from the Anglian dialects of late Old and early Middle English, but as English (and Scots) became increasingly influenced by French and Medieval Latin the differences increased. During this period, Norþimris lost most of its remaining inflexions and underwent important phonological changes culminating in the Great Vowel Shift. As a language of government, law and literature it became increasingly flexible and sophisticated.  
The period ''c.''1100-1600 is called Early Norþimris. At the start of this period the language was really indistinguishable from the Anglian dialects of late Old and early Middle English, but as English (and Scots) became increasingly influenced by French and Medieval Latin the differences increased. During this period, Norþimris lost most of its remaining inflexions and underwent important phonological changes culminating in the Great Vowel Shift. As a language of government, law and literature it became increasingly flexible and sophisticated.  


Modern Norþimris is said to begin ''c.''1600 when the Protestant Reformation and the Renaissance encouraged efforts to standardise and describe the language, and simultaneously increased borrowing from Classical and Romance sources. During this period Norþimris became the language of religion alongside government and literature, and from the late 18th century it increasingly became a 'popular' language with written forms more representative of the spoken language. The spelling system of Þoruuff Þorsteynsun, published in 1877, was adopted as the official written form in 1884 and has remained in use ever since.  
Modern Norþimris is said to begin ''c.''1600 when the Protestant Reformation and the Renaissance encouraged efforts to standardise and describe the language, and simultaneously increased borrowing from Classical and Romance sources. During this period Norþimris became the language of religion alongside government and literature, and from the late 18th century it increasingly became a 'popular' language with written forms more representative of the spoken language. The spelling system of Þoruyff Þorsteynsun, published in 1877, was adopted as the official written form in 1884 and has remained in use ever since.  


===External===
===External===
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===Dialects===
===Dialects===
There is a great deal of dialect variation across Norþimer, but there are generally considered to be four main dialects:  
There is a great deal of dialect variation across Norþimer, but there are generally considered to be four main dialects:  
* Southern, which is the closest to a 'standard' dialect, found in ''Yorucscir''
* Southern, which is the closest to a 'standard' dialect, found in ''Yorucschir''
* Northern, extending north from ''Weer Ei'' (River Wear) to the Scottish border
* Northern, extending north from ''Weer Ey'' (River Wear) to the Scottish border
* Western, the dialect west of the moors  
* Western, the dialect west of the moors
* South-western, the dialect of the ''Þreiplands'', sometimes called ''Þreiplandris''
* South-western, the dialect of the ''Þreeplands'', sometimes called ''Þreeplandris''


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
The consonant inventory of Norþimris is very similar to that of English and has changed little since the Old English period.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 660px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 68px; "|
! style="width: 68px; "|
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|  
|  
|  
|  
| ɹ
| (ɹ)
|  
|  
| j
| j
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|
|
|}
|}
Notes:
* /ɹ/ is an allophone of /ɾ/ found before consonants.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
The Norþimris vowel system is probably best understood as consisting of 6 short vowels, 7 historically 'long' vowels (which are more commonly pronounced as diphthongs) and 4 true diphthongs.
====Short Vowels====
The short vowels are shown in the table below. They include the reduced vowel /ə/, which may be an allophonic variant of any other short vowel in an unstressed syllable.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; "|
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|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! style="" |Close
| iː
|  
|  
| uː
|  
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Near-close
! style="" |Near-close
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|-
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
! style="" |Close-mid
| eː
|  
|  
| oː
|  
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Mid
! style="" |Mid
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|-
|-
! style="" |Near-open
! style="" |Near-open
| æː
|  
|  
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
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|  
|  
| ɒ
| ɒ
|}
====The 'Long' Vowels and Diphthongs====
The distribution of Norþimris long vowels and diphthongs is complicated. In general there is a tendency to pronounce historically long vowels as diphthongs in most environments.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px; "|Dipthong
! style="width: 100px;" |Spellings
! style="width: 400px;" |Comments
|-
| /æː/
| ''iy''
|
|-
| /eə/
| ''ea''
|
|-
| /ei̯/
| ''ey''
|
|-
| (/i̯a/)
| ''ea''
| an allophone of /eə/ in initial position
|-
| /iə/
| ''ee, eu''
|
|-
| /ii̯/
| ''ei''
|
|-
| (/ɪu̯/)
| ''eu''
| dialectally
|-
| /oː/
| ''au, oo''
|
|-
| (/oə/)
| ''oo''
| an occasional allophone of /oː/ dialectally
|-
| /ɔu̯/
| ''ou''
|
|-
| /ʊu̯/
| ''uy''
|
|}
|}


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| style="text-align:left;" | in final, unstressed syllables
| style="text-align:left;" | in final, unstressed syllables
|-
|-
| ''uu''
| ''uy''
| /ʊw/
| /ʊw/
|
|
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* as in English, ''hi/hei'' are used for male humans, ''su/scheu'' for females and ''hit'' for inanimate objects.
* as in English, ''hi/hei'' are used for male humans, ''su/scheu'' for females and ''hit'' for inanimate objects.
* Norþimris maintains a T/V distinction, in which 2nd person plural ''yei'' etc. can be used as formal 'you' when addressing a single person. Its use is generally more restricted than in many European languages, only used in particularly formal situations and not necessarily expected when speaking to elders or strangers.
* Norþimris maintains a T/V distinction, in which 2nd person plural ''yei'' etc. can be used as formal 'you' when addressing a single person. Its use is generally more restricted than in many European languages, only used in particularly formal situations and not necessarily expected when speaking to elders or strangers.
* there is an informal use of ''us/uus'' in place of ''mi/mie'' (e.g. ''gie us hit'' 'give me it').
* there is an informal use of ''us/uys'' in place of ''mi/mie'' (e.g. ''gie us hit'' 'give me it').


The '''genitive''' pronouns have dependent and independent forms, used like the nominal equivalents.
The '''genitive''' pronouns have dependent and independent forms, used like the nominal equivalents.
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==Sample Texts==
==Sample Texts==


===The Lord's Prayer===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! style="width: 500px;" | Norþimris !! style="width: 500px;" | English
! style="width: 500px;" | Norþimris !! style="width: 500px;" | English
|-
|-
| '''Þt Dreet Beid''' <br> Uur Faðer at is in hefen <br> Halud siy ðiy neam <br> Ðiy cinric becum <br> Ðiy wil wurð deon <br> On erd auṡ in hefen <br> Gie uss uur deylie leaff todey <br> An fergie uss uur scilds <br> Auṡ wie fergie uur scildiers <br> Leid not uss til costing <br> Auh free uss frea il <br> Þiyn is 't cinric an 't meyn an 't wuuder, for-ea <br> Amen
| '''Þt Dreet Beid''' <br> Uyr Faðer at is in hefen <br> Halud siy ðiy neam <br> Ðiy cinric becum <br> Ðiy wil wurð deon <br> On erd auṡ in hefen <br> Gie uss uyr deylie leaff todey <br> An fergie uss uyr scilds <br> Auṡ wie fergie uyr scildiers <br> Leid not uss til costing <br> Auh free uss frea il <br> Þiyn is 't cinric an 't meyn an 't wuyder, for-ea <br> Amen
| Our father who is in heaven <br> Hallowed be thy name <br> Thy kingdom come <br> Thy will be done <br> On earth as it is in heaven <br> Give us this day our daily bread <br> And forgive us our sins <br> As we forgive those who sin against us <br> Lead us not into temptation <br> But deliver us from evil <br> Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, forever <br> Amen
| '''The Lord's Prayer''' <br> Our father who is in heaven <br> Hallowed be thy name <br> Thy kingdom come <br> Thy will be done <br> On earth as it is in heaven <br> Give us this day our daily bread <br> And forgive us our sins <br> As we forgive those who sin against us <br> Lead us not into temptation <br> But deliver us from evil <br> Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory, forever <br> Amen
|}
 
===The Night's Watch Pledge===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 500px;" | Norþimris !! style="width: 500px;" | English
|-
| ''''''T Neit Ward Eaþ'''''<br /> ''Neit gaðers an nuy agins miy ward.''<br /> ''Hit sal not end oð miy deeþ.''<br /> ''Ic sal tac nea wiyff, haud nea lands, faðer nea barns.''<br /> ''Ic sal beer nea bey an adel nea reuþ.''<br /> ''Ic sal leef an dey at miy stau.''<br /> ''Ic is 't sord in 't mirc. Ic is 't weacer on 't waus.''<br /> ''Ic is 't scheild at wards 't riycs o men.''<br /> ''Ic wed miy liyff an miyn ear til 't Neit Ward, þruh ðiss neit an ilc neit heðen.''
| '''The Night's Watch Pledge'''<br /> Night gathers, and now my watch begins.<br /> It shall not end until my death.<br /> I shall take no wife, hold no lands, father no children.<br /> I shall wear no crowns and win no glory.<br /> I shall live and die at my post.<br /> I am the sword in the darkness. I am the watcher on the walls.<br /> I am the shield that guards the realms of men.<br /> I pledge my life and honour to the Night's Watch, for this night and all the nights to come.<br />
|}
 
===Useful Phrases===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 300px;" | English !! style="width: 300px;" | Norþimris
|-
! colspan="2" | Greetings ~ ''Heylsings''
|-
| Welcome
| ''Wilcum''
|-
| Hello
| ''Halo <br> Hey''
|-
| Good morning
| ''Geud morn''
|-
| Good afternoon
| ''Geud ourneun''
|-
| Good evening
| ''Geud ein''
|-
| Good night
| ''Geud neit''
|-
| Goodbye
| ''Geud dey'' (fml) <br> ''Fearwel'' (fml) <br> ''Siðie'' (inf)
|-
| How are you?
| ''Huy 'stu?'' (inf) <br> ''Aureit?'' (inf) <br> ''Huy 'r yi?'' (fml)
|-
| Fine thanks, and you?
| ''Wel, þank yu, an yei?'' (fml) <br> ''Aureit''
|-
| What's your name?
| ''Hwat heatstu?'' <br> ''Hwat heat yi?'' (fml)
|-
| My name is Ascil
| ''I heat Ascil''
|-
| Where are you from?
| ''Hwear 'stu frea?'' (inf) <br> ''Hwear ar yi frea?''
|-
| I'm from Durham
| ''I 's frea Dunhoum''
|-
! colspan="2" | The Basics ~ '''T Stounlies''
|-
| Yes
| ''Ey, aie'' <br> ''Yea''
|-
| No
| ''Ney'' <br> ''Nea''
|-
| Please
| ''Gin yi wil''
|-
| Thank you
| ''Þank yu'' (fml) <br> ''Ta'' (inf) <br> ''Þanks'' <br> ''Feel þanks'' 'many thanks'
|-
| You're welcome
| ''Wilcum''
|-
| Sorry
| ''Searie''
|-
| Excuse me
| ''Ferleit mei''
|-
! colspan="2" | Et cetera ~ ''An Swea Forþ''
|-
| Good luck
| ''Hap til ði'' (inf) <br> ''Hap til yu''
|-
| Cheers!
| ''Washeyl''
|-
| Bon Appetit!
| ''Meis yu wel''
|-
| Bon voyage!
| ''Fearwel''
|-
| I love you
| ''I leuf ði''
|-
| Get well soon
| ''Sceut betering''
|-
| Happy Birthday
| ''Eedie Birddey''
|-
| Merry Christmas
| ''Glad Yuyl''
|-
| Happy New Year
| ''Eedie Niw Yeer''
|}
 
==Vocabulary==
[[Norþimris/Vocabulary|Vocabulary Page]]
 
==Personal Names==
Personal names are generally of Germanic origin, inherited from Old English and Old Norse, or have been borrowed at various periods from the Christian tradition.
 
===Masculine Names===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width: 150px;" | Norþimris Name !! style="width: 150px;" |  English Equivalent !! style="width: 200px;" |  Alternate forms !! style="width: 250px;" | Notes
|-
| ''Aleff'' || Olaf || ||
|-
| ''Ander'' || Andrew || ''Andreas'' (Bib.), ''Anda'' ||
|-
| ''Arcel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Arnuyff'' || || ||
|-
| ''Ascel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Aumund'' || || ||
|-
| ''Becan'' || || ||
|-
| ''Cuþbret'' || Cuthbert || ''Cubret'', ''Cuda'' ||
|-
| ''Douffin'' || ''Dolfin'' || ||
|-
| ''Eyner'' || || ||
|-
| ''Eyric'' || ''Eric'' || ||
|-
| ''Fleuc'' || || ||
|-
| ''Gamel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Godfriþ'' || Godfrey, Geoffrey || ||
|-
| ''Gospatric'' || Gospatrick || ||
|-
| ''Haudan'' || ''Halfdan'' || ''Haufdan'' ||
|-
| ''Maþe'' || Matthew || ''Mateus'' (Bib.), ''Mata'' ||
|-
| ''Oswaud'' || ''Oswald'' || ||
|-
| ''Peeter'' || Peter || ''Petrus'' (Bib.), ''Peet'' ||
|-
| ''Rafen'' || Raven || ||
|-
| ''Rancel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Roscel'' || || ||
|-
| ''Rouff'' || Rolf, Ralph || ||
|-
| ''Yacob'' || James, Jacob || ''Yacobus'' (Bib.), ''Yaca'' ||
|-
| ''Yon'' || John || ''Yohanes'' (Bib.), ''Yona'' ||
|-
| ''Zacarie'' || Zachary || ''Zacarias'' (Bib.), ''Zaca'' ||
|}
|}


[[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Category:Germanic languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:West Germanic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:A posteriori]] [[Category:Germanic languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:West Germanic languages]]
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