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Norþimris: Difference between revisions
→Pronouns
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====Pronouns==== | ====Pronouns==== | ||
<br> | |||
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* Norþimris maintains a T/V distinction, in which 2nd person plural ''yie'' etc. can be used as formal 'you' when addressing a single person. Its use is generally more restricted than in many European languages, only used in particularly formal situations and not necessarily expected when speaking to elders or strangers. | * Norþimris maintains a T/V distinction, in which 2nd person plural ''yie'' etc. can be used as formal 'you' when addressing a single person. Its use is generally more restricted than in many European languages, only used in particularly formal situations and not necessarily expected when speaking to elders or strangers. | ||
* there is an informal use of ''us/uus'' in place of ''mi/mie'' (e.g. ''gie us hit'' 'give me it'). | * there is an informal use of ''us/uus'' in place of ''mi/mie'' (e.g. ''gie us hit'' 'give me it'). | ||
The genitive pronouns have dependent and independent forms, used like the nominal equivalents. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
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! style="width: 100px; |Dependent | |||
! style="width: 100px; |Independent | |||
|- | |||
| 1sg | |||
| ''miy(n)'' | |||
| ''miyn'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2sg | |||
| ''ðiy(n)'' | |||
| ''ðiyn'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3sg m. | |||
| colspan="2" | ''his'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3sg f. | |||
| ''her'' | |||
| ''hers'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3sg n. | |||
| ''his'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| 1pl | |||
| ''uur'' | |||
| ''uurs'' | |||
|- | |||
| 2pl | |||
| ''your'' | |||
| ''yours'' | |||
|- | |||
| 3pl | |||
| ''ðer'' | |||
| ''ðers'' | |||
|} | |||
There is no independent form for the 3rd person neuter. | |||
Reflexive pronouns are formed with ''-(s)seln'', irregularly pronounced /sɛl/ or /sɛn/ according to dialect, which is added to the object pronouns (e.g. ''misseln'' 'myself', ''herṡeln'' 'herself'). These pronouns are more emphatic than their English counterparts and the object pronouns are preferred when the sense of reflexiveness is already implied (e.g. ''i sau mi i 't scewer'' 'I saw myself in the mirror'). | |||
The demonstrative pronouns are: | |||
* ''ðiss'' 'this' and ''ðir'' 'these', used for objects close at hand or abstracts metaphorically so; | |||
* ''ðat'' 'that' and ''ðea'' 'those', used for objects or abstracts at a distance or out of sight; | |||
* ''yon'' 'that, those', used only for objects in sight but at a distance. | |||
These may be employed as demonstrative adjectives, preceding the noun (e.g. ''ðat wiyff'' 'that woman', ''yon fel'' 'that mountain'). | |||
The interrogatives are: | |||
* pronouns: ''hwea'' 'who', ''hwat'' 'what', ''hwilc'' 'which', referring to things already mentioned or implied, ''hweðer'' 'which of two'; | |||
* adjectives: ''hwilc'' 'what, which', ''hweaṡ'' 'whose'; | |||
* adverbs: ''hwiy'' 'why', ''huu'' 'how', ''hwear'' 'where', ''hwan'' 'when'. | |||
====Verbs==== | |||
===Syntax=== | ===Syntax=== | ||