Norþimris: Difference between revisions

====Articles====

====Nouns====

The plural of most nouns ends in ''-s'', or ''-es'' after a sibilant (e.g. ''apels'', ''huuses''). A few nouns have a rare plural in ''-en'' or ''-er'' (e.g. ''een'' 'eyes', ''ousen'' 'oxen', ''sceon'' 'shoes', ''lamer'' 'lambs', ''caufer'' 'calves', ''childer'' 'children'). There is also a small number of nouns with a change of vowel in the plural: ''man'' 'man' → ''men'', ''wiman'' 'woman' → ''wimen'', ''hand'' 'hand' → ''hend'', ''teoþ'' 'tooth' → ''teeþ'', ''feot'' 'foot' → ''feet'', ''geoṡ'' 'goose' → ''geeṡ'', ''muuṡ'' 'mouse' → ''miys'', ''cuu'' 'cow' → ''ciy''.

The '''genitive''' has two forms:  

* the dependent genitive is used directly before a noun or noun phrase and is unmarked (e.g. '''t man huuṡ'' 'the man's house', ''his faðer sun'' 'his father's son').

* the independent genitive usually occurs as the complement in a copular construction and is marked with ''-s'' (''-es'' after a sibilant; e.g. '''t huuṡ is Cetels'' 'the house is Cetel's', ''ðat 's his faðers'' 'that's his fathers').  

====Adjectives====

====Numerals====

====Pronouns====

Several of the personal pronouns have different stressed and unstressed forms. The stressed forms are only used in speech and writing when particular emphasis is put on the pronoun, such as when they occur independently (e.g. ''ic leof him'' ''''I''' love him', ''hwea didd ðat? Yuu'' 'who did that? '''You'''') . Elsewhere, the unstressed forms are used (e.g. ''hi wuns in Yoruc'' 'he lives in York').

The genitive pronouns have dependent and independent forms, used like the nominal equivalents.

Reflexive pronouns are formed with ''-(s)seln'', irregularly pronounced /sɛl/ or /sɛn/ according to dialect, which is added to the object pronouns (e.g. ''misseln'' 'myself', ''herṡeln'' 'herself'). These pronouns are more emphatic than their English counterparts and the object pronouns are preferred when the sense of reflexiveness is already implied (e.g. ''i sau mi i 't scewer'' 'I saw myself in the mirror').  

====Verbs====

Norþimris has only two conjugated tenses: the present and the past. Beyond this, a number of moods, tenses and voices are created using auxiliary verbs and modals.  

All regular verbs follow the same pattern in the '''present tense''', given below with ''leof'' 'love':

In the '''past tense''', regular verbs may be divided into strong and weak conjugations, the former conjugating by a vowel change, the latter by the addition of a suffix. There are no distinctions of person in the past tense.

There are eight classes of strong verb, each with different changes in the past tense and the past participle:

| 3

 

The '''imperative''' of regular verbs is identical to the stem (e.g. ''leof mi'' 'love me', ''eit ðiy meit'' 'eat your food').  

The ''past participle'' of most weak verbs is identical to the past tense form (e.g. ''leofd'' 'loved', ''ligd'' 'layed'). The strong verbs form a past participle with ''-(e)n'' and a change of vowel, as shown in the table above but a number of weak verbs ending in ''-d, -t'' also form their past participle in ''-en'' (e.g. ''breiden'' 'stretched', ''leaden'' 'loaded').

[[Category:Conlangs]]