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:''Nurian is diglossic; this page describes Standard Nurian. For basilectal Nurian, see [[Nurian/Low]].'' | |||
[[Nurian/Lexicon]]<br/> | [[Nurian/Lexicon]]<br/> | ||
[[Nurian/Phrasebook]]<br/> | [[Nurian/Phrasebook]]<br/> | ||
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|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = ''nūrimai'' | |nativename = ''nūrimai'' | ||
|setting=[[Verse: | |setting=[[Verse:Tricin]] | ||
|pronunciation = /ˈnˠuːrʲɪmˠɐɪ/ | |pronunciation = /ˈnˠuːrʲɪmˠɐɪ/ | ||
|region = | |region = Txapoalli | ||
|country = Nūrei | |country = Nūrei | ||
|familycolor=PfK | |familycolor=PfK | ||
|fam1= [[ | |fam1= [[Quame languages|Quame]] | ||
|fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] | |fam2= [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] | ||
|script={{PAGENAME}} script | |script={{PAGENAME}} script | ||
|iso3=qnr | |iso3=qnr | ||
| Line 22: | Line 24: | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Nurian''' (/ˈnʊəɹiən/, Nurian: ''gaffai nūrimai'' /ˈgɐfˠːɐɪ ˈnˠuːrʲɪmˠɐɪ/, [[Eevo]]: ''Nwrib'' or ''brits Nwrée'') is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] descending from [[Thensarian]], aesthetically inspired by Pali, Italian, Lithuanian and Arabic. Nurian is the official language of the island country of [[Verse:Tricin/Nūrei|Nūrei]] in | '''Nurian''' (/ˈnʊəɹiən/, Nurian: ''gaffai nūrimai'' /ˈgɐfˠːɐɪ ˈnˠuːrʲɪmˠɐɪ/, [[Eevo]]: ''Nwrib'' or ''brits Nwrée'') is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] descending from [[Thensarian]], aesthetically inspired by Pali, Italian, Lithuanian and Arabic. Nurian is the official language of the island country of [[Verse:Tricin/Nūrei|Nūrei]] in Txapoalli (spoken near [[Shalian]] and the modern Naquic languages). Standard Nurian is extremely conservative, and contains few loanwords. It used to have less conservative sisters whose words were absorbed into Eevo during the Old Eevo period, and modern Nurian, especially basilectal Nurian, is also a source of loans for Modern Eevo. | ||
==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
*Did Thensarian have intensive noun/adjective suffixes that Nurian preserves? | *Did Thensarian have intensive noun/adjective suffixes that Nurian preserves? | ||
* | *-tl-, -dl- > -ċċ-, -ġġ- used mainly in names | ||
*''-tą'' = instrument/patient suffix | *''-tą'' = instrument/patient suffix | ||
*''massah'' = dark | |||
*''Tamīħinai'' = Wen Dămea | |||
*''ħammih'' = wheat | |||
*''dallhatuh'' = strife | |||
*''hienaθini'' = sleep soundly | |||
*''-zzah'' = deverbal noun | |||
**''muoġiazzah'' = food | |||
*''nhuobai'' = jaw | |||
*''natterai'' = chain | |||
==Historical phonology== | ==Historical phonology== | ||
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*''mn'' > ''nn'' | *''mn'' > ''nn'' | ||
*''rC'' > ''CC'' | *''rC'' > ''CC'' | ||
*''lC'' > '':C'' | *''lC'' > '':C''; ''lv'' > ''vv'' | ||
*''ct'' > ''tt'' | *''ct'' > ''tt'' | ||
*''VN + fricative'' > ''V[+nasal] + fricative'' | *''VN + fricative'' > ''V[+nasal] + fricative'' | ||
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Nurian forbids all consonant clusters other than those of the form homorganic nasal + consonant. Word-medially, every consonant can be geminated except /j/ and /h/. Word-finally, usually only /n/, /l/, /ʔ/ (as an allophone of /r/), /h/, /s/, /t/, and vowels are allowed. | Nurian forbids all consonant clusters other than those of the form homorganic nasal + consonant. Word-medially, every consonant can be geminated except /j/ and /h/. Word-finally, usually only /n/, /l/, /ʔ/ (as an allophone of /r/), /h/, /s/, /t/, and vowels are allowed. | ||
===Consonants=== | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|+'''Consonant phonemes in Nurian | |+'''Consonant phonemes in Nurian''' | ||
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | !rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | ||
!colspan="2" | Labial | !colspan="2" | Labial | ||
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;Notes | ;Notes | ||
*/a aː/ each have three allophones: | */a aː/ each have three allophones: | ||
**[ɐ~ɑ ɑː] after non-radical hard consonants | **[ɐ~ɑ ɑː] after non-radical hard consonants. /aː/ in this environment may be pronounced [ɔː] or [ʌː] by many younger speakers of the Fiuṡṡērah accent. | ||
**[ɛ~æ æː] after soft consonants, radicals and /h/ | **[ɛ~æ æː] after soft consonants, radicals and /h/ | ||
*Allophony of /a aː/ is, however, reduced in the speech of many younger speakers, who pronounce both as [ɐ aː] | *Allophony of /a aː/ is, however, reduced in the speech of many younger speakers of the Dagȳne accent, who pronounce both as [ɐ aː] | ||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
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Nurian uses SVO, head-initial syntax. There are no articles. | Nurian uses SVO, head-initial syntax. There are no articles. | ||
:'''''Guoδati | :'''''Guoδati damibeh jāni betthar.''''' | ||
:[ˈguɔðˠɑtʲi | :[ˈguɔðˠɑtʲi ˈdˠɑmʲɪbʲæh ˈjæːnʲi ˈbʲættʰˠɑɾ] | ||
:guoδ-ti tam-ibeh jāni betth-ar | :guoδ-ti tam-ibeh jāni betth-ar | ||
:remain-3PL leaf-PL.CST laurel.SG.ABS.NOM green-PL.F.ABS.NOM | :remain-3PL leaf-PL.CST laurel.SG.ABS.NOM green-PL.F.ABS.NOM | ||
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*''kaC-, kat'' = 'and' | *''kaC-, kat'' = 'and' | ||
**''ħuġġiah kap pālei'' = 'bread and milk' | **''ħuġġiah kap pālei'' = 'bread and milk' | ||
*'' | *''ei'' (/ɛɪ/) = 'not' | ||
*''fī'' /fʲiː/ = 'if' | *''fī'' /fʲiː/ = 'if' | ||
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==Sample texts== | ==Sample texts== | ||
===UDHR, Article 1=== | ===UDHR, Article 1=== | ||
:''Kakarai ħausį gatthāną kaθ θeθeivų di khussiū kat iġġiatū; ammimīdīnį nai ȝabbī kad dȳkaluttī, ṡiūȝą danθū | :''Kakarai ħausį gatthāną kaθ θeθeivų di khussiū kat iġġiatū; ammimīdīnį nai ȝabbī kad dȳkaluttī, ṡiūȝą danθū hieθariākah ħaibatthah di helą venghimę.'' | ||
:[ˈkɐkɐrˠɐɪ ˈħæʊsʲĩː gɐˈtʰˠːɑːnˠɑ̃ː kɐθ θʲɛˈθʲɛɪvˠũː dʲɪ ˈkʰʊsʲːuː kɐʔ ˈɪdʒːætˠuː | æmʲːɪmʲiːˈdʲiːnʲĩː nɐɪ ʕæbʲːiː kɐd dˠiːkɐlˠʊtʲːiː, ʃuːʕãː dˠɐnθˠuː fʲɛɪtˠɐrʲæːkɐh ħæɪbˠɐtʰˠːɐh dʲɪ hælˠɑ̃ː vʲɛŋ̊ʲːɪmʲæ̃ː] | :[ˈkɐkɐrˠɐɪ ˈħæʊsʲĩː gɐˈtʰˠːɑːnˠɑ̃ː kɐθ θʲɛˈθʲɛɪvˠũː dʲɪ ˈkʰʊsʲːuː kɐʔ ˈɪdʒːætˠuː | æmʲːɪmʲiːˈdʲiːnʲĩː nɐɪ ʕæbʲːiː kɐd dˠiːkɐlˠʊtʲːiː, ʃuːʕãː dˠɐnθˠuː fʲɛɪtˠɐrʲæːkɐh ħæɪbˠɐtʰˠːɐh dʲɪ hælˠɑ̃ː vʲɛŋ̊ʲːɪmʲæ̃ː] | ||
:human.COL.DEF be.born-3SG.M.PRES free.COL.INDEF.M and equal.COL.INDEF.M in dignity-3SG.M and right-3SG.M; gifted-COL.INDEF.M INS reason and conscience, duty upon-3SG.M behave-INFV mutually in spirit-SGV.DEF brotherly-SGV.DEF.F | :human.COL.DEF be.born-3SG.M.PRES free.COL.INDEF.M and equal.COL.INDEF.M in dignity-3SG.M and right-3SG.M; gifted-COL.INDEF.M INS reason and conscience, duty upon-3SG.M behave-INFV mutually in spirit-SGV.DEF brotherly-SGV.DEF.F | ||
:''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.'' | :''All humans are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood.'' | ||
[[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category: | ==Poetry== | ||
Greek and Latin quantitative meters, no rhyming | |||
[[Category:Talmic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Pseudo-Arabic]] | |||