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|fam2 = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]] | |fam2 = [[w:Celtic languages|Celtic]] | ||
|familycolor = Indo-European | |familycolor = Indo-European | ||
|ancestor = [[Old Oltic]] | |ancestor = [[Old Oltic]] | ||
|ancestor2 = [[Middle Oltic]] | |||
|creator = Dillon Hartwig | |creator = Dillon Hartwig | ||
|script1 = Grek | |script1 = Grek | ||
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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
''Oltic'' is from the English name of the river Olt. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Oltic is written with the Greek and Cyrillic scripts. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Hellenic orthography | |||
! Α α !! Αι αι !! Β β !! Γ γ !! Γγ γγ !! Γλ γλ !! Γν γν !! Γρ γρ | |||
|- | |||
| /a/ || /ɛ/ || /v/ || /ɣ,j/ || /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /ʎ/ || /ɲ/ || /ʑ/ | |||
|- | |||
! Γϝ γϝ !! Δ δ !! Ε ε !! Ει ει !! Ζ ζ !! Η η !! Θ θ !! Ι ι | |||
|- | |||
| /ᵑgʷ,ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ || /ð/ || /e/ || /z/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /i,j,ɲ,∅/ | |||
|- | |||
! Κ κ !! Γκ γκ !! Λ λ !! Μ μ !! Μβ μβ !! Μπ μπ !! Ν ν !! Νδ νδ | |||
|- | |||
| /k,t͡ɕ/ || /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /l,ʎ/ || /m/ || /ᵐb/ || /ᵐb/ || /n,ɲ/ || /ⁿd/ | |||
|- | |||
! Ντ ντ !! Ξ ξ !! Ο ο !! Οι οι !! Ου ου !! Π π !! Ρ ρ !! Σ σ/ς | |||
|- | |||
| /ⁿd/ || /xs/ || /o̞/ || /i/ || /u/ || /p/ || /r,ʑ/ || /s/ | |||
|- | |||
! Τ τ !! Υ υ !! Υι υι !! Φ φ !! Χ χ !! Ψ ψ !! Ω ω !! Ϝ ϝ | |||
|- | |||
| /t/ || /i,f,m,v/ || /i/ || /f/ || /x,ɕ/ || /fs/ || /o̞/ || /ɣʷ,ɥ/ | |||
|- | |||
! ά !! ᾶ !! ὰ !! colspan=3 | !! Ϊ ϊ !! Ϋ ϋ | |||
|- | |||
| /á/ || /â/ || /ǎ/ || colspan=3 | || /i,j/ || /i,j/ | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Cyrillic orthography | |||
! А а !! Б б !! В в !! Г г !! Гв гв !! Д д !! Ђ ђ !! Ђв ђв !! Е е | |||
|- | |||
| /a/ || /ᵐb/ || /v/ || /ᵑg,ɣ/ || /ᵑgʷ,ɣʷ/ || /ⁿd,ð/ || /ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ || /e/ | |||
|- | |||
! Ж ж !! З з !! И и !! Ј ј !! Јв јв !! К к !! Л л !! Љ љ !! М м | |||
|- | |||
| /ʑ/ || /z/ || /i/ || /j/ || /ɥ/ || /k/ || /l/ || /ʎ/ || /m/ | |||
|- | |||
! Н н !! Њ њ !! О о !! П п !! Р р !! С с !! Т т !! Ћ ћ !! У у | |||
|- | |||
| /n/ || /ɲ/ || /o̞/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /t͡ɕ/ || /u/ | |||
|- | |||
! Ф ф !! Х х !! Ш ш !! Ѣ ѣ | |||
|- | |||
| /f/ || /x/ || /ɕ/ || /ɛ/ | |||
|} | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Consonants | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|ᵐb]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|ⁿd]] || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal affricate|t͡ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal affricate|ⁿd͡ʑ]] ⁿd͡ʑʷ || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiceg velar stop|ᵑg]] ᵑgʷ | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]] [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal fricative|ʑ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] ɣʷ | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] [[w:Voiced labial–palatal approximant|ɥ]] [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Trill|Trill]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] | |||
|} | |||
*/l/ is in free variation with [ɫ]. | |||
*/r/ is in free variation with [ɾ]. | |||
*Prenasalized consonants are plain phrase-initially and before consonants. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o̞]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | |||
| colspan=2 | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] | |||
|} | |||
*/a/ is in free variation with [ɐ]. | |||
*/i,u/ may be devoiced or elided after voiceless consonants. | |||
*/ɛ/ merges into /e/ after velar consonants. | |||
===Pitch accent=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Tones | |||
|- | |||
! High !! Falling !! Rising | |||
|- | |||
| ˥ || ˥˩ || ˩˥ | |||
|} | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Stress is variable but in native words is initial. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Oltic maximal syllables are CCCVCC | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Oltic word order is flexible but predominantly SVO. | |||
===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== |
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