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Oltic: Difference between revisions
→Orthography
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! А а !! Б б !! В в !! Г г !! Гв гв !! Д д !! Ђ ђ !! Ђв ђв !! Е е | ! А а !! Б б !! В в !! Г г !! Гв гв !! Д д !! Ђ ђ !! Ђв ђв !! Е е | ||
|- | |- | ||
| /a/ || /ᵐb/ || /v/ || /ᵑg,ɣ/ || /ᵑgʷ,ɣʷ/ || /ⁿd,ð/ || /ⁿd͡ʑ | | /a/ || /ᵐb/ || /v/ || /ᵑg,ɣ/ || /ᵑgʷ,ɣʷ/ || /ⁿd,ð/ || /ⁿd͡ʑ/ || /ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ || /e/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Ж ж !! З з !! И и !! Ј ј !! Јв јв !! К к !! Л л !! Љ љ !! М м | ! Ж ж !! З з !! И и !! Ј ј !! Јв јв !! К к !! Л л !! Љ љ !! М м | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Consonants | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|ᵐb]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|ⁿd]] || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal affricate|t͡ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal affricate|ⁿd͡ʑ]] ⁿd͡ʑʷ || [[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || [[w:Voiceg velar stop|ᵑg]] ᵑgʷ | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]] || [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] || [[w:Voiced dental fricative|ð]] [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] || [[w:Voiceless alveopalatal fricative|ɕ]] || [[w:Voiced alveopalatal fricative|ʑ]] || [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] || [[w:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]] ɣʷ | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Approximant|Approximant]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]] || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] [[w:Voiced labial–palatal approximant|ɥ]] [[w:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ʎ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Trill|Trill]] | |||
| colspan="2" | || colspan="2" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]] | |||
|} | |||
*/l/ is in free variation with [ɫ]. | |||
*/r/ is in free variation with [ɾ]. | |||
*Prenasalized consonants are plain phrase-initially and before consonants. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o̞]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | |||
| colspan=2 | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] | |||
|} | |||
*/a/ is in free variation with [ɐ]. | |||
*/i,u/ may be devoiced or elided after voiceless consonants. | |||
*/ɛ/ merges into /e/ after velar consonants. | |||
===Pitch accent=== | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Tones | |||
|- | |||
! High !! Falling !! Rising | |||
|- | |||
| ˥ || ˥˩ || ˩˥ | |||
|} | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
Stress is variable but in native words is initial. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Oltic maximal syllables are CCCVCC | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Oltic word order is flexible but predominantly SVO. | |||
===Noun and verb phrases=== | ===Noun and verb phrases=== | ||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||