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Pamarėska: Difference between revisions
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==History== | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|Long vowels | |+ Long vowels | ||
! Front | ! | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Front || colspan="2" | Back | ||
|- | |||
! | |||
! {{small| oral}} | |||
! {{small| nasal}} | |||
! {{small| oral}} | |||
! {{small| nasal}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! Close | ||
| y /i:/ || ū /u:/ | | y /i:/ || į /ĩ:/ || ū /u:/ || ų /ũ:/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Mid | ! Mid | ||
| ė /e:/ | | ė /e:/|| | ||
| o /o:/ | | o /o:/|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open-mid | ! Open-mid | ||
| *e (/ɛ:~æ:/) | | *e (/ɛ:~æ:/)|| ę /ɛ̃:/ | ||
| | | || ą /ɔ̃:/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
| *a (/a:/) | | *a (/a:/) || | ||
| | | || | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|Short vowels | |+ Short vowels | ||
! | ! | ||
! Back | ! Front||| Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Close | ! Close | ||
| i /ɪ/ || u /ʊ/ | | i /ɪ/|| u /ʊ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open-mid | ! Open-mid | ||
| Line 63: | Line 70: | ||
|} | |} | ||
*Allophones, appearing under acute/circumflex accent. | *Allophones, appearing under acute/circumflex accent. | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Consonants | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | |||
! rowspan="2" | Labial | |||
! rowspan="2" | Dental | |||
! rowspan="2" | Palato-alveolar | |||
! rowspan="2" | Velar | |||
! rowspan="2" | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| m | |||
| n̪ | |||
| ɲ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive | |||
! {{small| voiceless}} | |||
| p | |||
| t̪ | |||
| (c) [[1]] | |||
| k | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! {{small| voiced}} | |||
| b | |||
| d̪ | |||
| (ɟ) [[1]] | |||
| g | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Affricate | |||
! {{small| voiceless}} | |||
| | |||
| t̪͡s̪ | |||
| t͡ʃ | |||
| (t͡ɕ) [[1]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! {{small| voiced}} | |||
| | |||
| d̪͡z̪ | |||
| d͡ʒ | |||
| (d͡ʑ) [[1]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | |||
! {{small|voiceless}} | |||
| (f) [[2]] | |||
| s̪ | |||
| ʃ | |||
| | |||
| h | |||
|- | |||
! {{small|voiced}} | |||
| | |||
| z̪ | |||
| ʒ | |||
| | |||
| (ɦ) [[3]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Trill | |||
| | |||
| r | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Approximant | |||
| w~ʋ [[4]] | |||
| | |||
| j | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Lateral approximant | |||
| | |||
| l | |||
| ʎ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
*[[1|1]] In northwestern dialects there are stops, while in southeastern - affricates. | |||
*[[2|2]] Occures only in borrowings. | |||
*[[3|3]] [ɦ] is an allophone of /h/ in the intervocal position. | |||
*[[4|4]] [w] occures after back vowels, while [ʋ] - after front ones. | |||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Pomorian has three different orthografies, all of which use Latin alphabet: the standard, traditional and eastern. The traditional orthography is based mostly on German and Polish ones, it used digraphs like sch, ai and ei, instead of modern š, and ė. The eastern (or dictionary) orthography was used after a spelling reform in 1952 and is still used in dictionaries and as a standard for eastern dialects, because it's more phonemic, than a traditional one. The Pomorian standard orthography came into use after 1989 reform and combines both previous orthographies, though is mostly phonemic. | Pomorian has three different orthografies, all of which use Latin alphabet: the standard, traditional and eastern. The traditional orthography is based mostly on German and Polish ones, it used digraphs like sch, ai and ei, instead of modern š, and ė. The eastern (or dictionary) orthography was used after a spelling reform in 1952 and is still used in dictionaries and as a standard for eastern dialects, because it's more phonemic, than a traditional one. The Pomorian standard orthography came into use after 1989 reform and combines both previous orthographies, though is mostly phonemic. | ||