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These words are written with big variations in spelling, but are more or less recognizable.
These words are written with big variations in spelling, but are more or less recognizable.


A beginning of the Pater Noster was written in "Gudoniskei Predihtei" ("Gdańskie kazania" in Polish) from 1395: ''"Ate Nassye kao essi annebesseich"''. The word ''kater'' - which - is written here as ''kao'' (from earlier ''kan'') showing that final "n" has already been dropped or turned into some kind of an approximant and in the result giving the word ''kå'' in North-Western dialect.
A beginning of the Pater Noster was written in "Gudoniskei Predichtei" ("Gdańskie kazania" in Polish) from 1395: ''"Ate Nassye kao essi annebesseich"''. The word ''kater'' - which - is written here as ''kao'' (from earlier ''kan'') showing that final "n" has already been dropped or turned into some kind of an approximant and in the result giving the word ''kå'' in North-Western dialect.


===Traditional spelling===
===Traditional spelling===
Before the XVIth century there were only some Pomorian sentences and words written by different scholars. Even after that time only two texts were written about the Pomorian language and traditions in the "Pomoriae" tractate written in 1587 by Rudolf von Magdeburg, including a small song called ''"Rūta zelioja"'' (The green rue). The traditional spelling of that time was inconsistent. There was no unified system; different writers came up with different systems untill the late XIXthe century, when the traditional spelling was finally unified and more texts were written in Pomorian. However they were still scarce, because most Pomorians didn't know how to read or write all the way up to the middle of the XXth century, when education became compulsory from age 7 to 15.
Before the XVIth century there were only some Pomorian sentences and words written by different scholars. Even after that time only two texts were written about the Pomorian language and traditions in the "Pomoriae" tractate written in 1587 by Rudolf von Magdeburg, including a small song called ''"Rūta zelioja"'' (The green rue). The traditional spelling of that time was inconsistent. There was no unified system; different writers came up with different systems untill the late XIXth century, when the traditional spelling was finally unified and more texts were written in Pomorian. However they were still scarce, most Pomorians didn't know how to read or write all the way up to the middle of the XXth century, when education became compulsory from age 7 to 15.


In earlier texts writers tried using digraphs or diacritics to represent the Pomorian phonology. Here are some examples from the XVIIIth century texts:
In earlier texts writers tried using digraphs or diacritics to represent the Pomorian phonology. Here are some examples from the XVIIIth century texts:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Modern
! Modern
! Traditional (with rare examples in brackets)
! Traditional (with rare examples in brackets)
Line 113: Line 113:


===Eastern orthography===
===Eastern orthography===
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa in Polish) was a communist state established in 1952. At first, after the World War II end Pomorians like other minority nations in Poland were treated as people of lower category, being even accused in cooperation with nazies. However soon the situation improved. During this time many reforms were provided in different branches of culture and education, concerning Pomorians and their language. The Pomorian people was fully recognized as an ethnic minority and their language became a minority language of Pamaria (or Pomorze Wschodnie in Polish) region. Some newspapers and radio programmes were allowed to be in Pomorian. The language also became taught at some schools as extracurricular lessons. In 1952 the Pomorian Culture Organization was created under the Communists control. In the same year a spelling reform was adopted and the standardized grammar was established based on North-Eastern dialects, which were the most widely spoken back then. This new orthography was similar to the Latvian one having diacritics instead of digraphs to represent different Pomorian sounds.
{| class="wikitable"
! '''Letter'''
! Name
! '''Letter'''
! Name
! '''Letter'''
! Name
|-
! A, a
| a
! Ā, ā
| dilgo ā
! Ą, ą
| noșino ā
|-
! B, b
| bē
|
|
|
|
|-
! C, c
| cē
! C̦, c̦
| c̦ē
! Č, č
| čē
|-
! D, d
| dē
|
|
|
|
|-
! E, e
| e
! Ē, ē
| dilgo ē
! Ę, ę
| noșino ē
|-
! F, f
| ef
|
|
|
|
|-
! G, g
| gā
|
|
|
|
|-
! H, h
| hā
|
|
|
|
|-
! I, i
| i
! Ī, ī
| dilgo ī
! Į, į
| noșino ī
|-
! J, j
| jē
|
|
|
|
|-
! K, k
| kā
|
|
|
|
|-
! L, l
| el
! Ļ, ļ
| eļ
|
|
|-
! M, m
| em
|
|
|
|
|-
! Ņ, ņ
| eņ
! Ņ, ņ
| eņ
|
|
|-
! O o
| o
! Ō ō
| dilgo ō
|
|
|-
! P, p
| pē
|
|
|
|
|-
! R, r
| er
|
|
|
|
|-
! S, s
| es
! Ș, ș
| eș
! Š, š
| eš
|-
! T, t
| tē
|
|
|
|
|-
! U, u
| u
! Ū, ū
| dilgo ū
! Ų, ų
| noșino ū
|-
! V, v
| vē
|
|
|
|
|-
! Z, z
| zē
! Z̦, z̦
| z̦ē
! Ž, ž
| žē
|}
The ''"literē su komają"'' and ''"su hačim"'' (letters with a comma and with a hook) are just to indicate palatalization and are not separate symbols. A macron diacritic is used to indicate long vowels. This orthography is very suitable to represent Eastern dialects phonology, but is wasn't very good system for writing in Western dialects and the current standard language.
===Modern orthography===
===Modern orthography===
After the Communist goverment fell in 1989 in Poland many changes happened in people's life. The communist influence on the Pomorian Culture Organisation has finally stopped but the Organisation itself did not represent new democratic ideas and ceased to exist soon after that. Sauliu Dzelini - a former member of the Organization - continued to work on preserving the Pomorian language. He did a major research in the language and its dialects, recorded more than a hundred Pomorian tales and folk songs called ''"gėdė"'' or ''dziedinkė"'' unique for their repeating sounds or words. In 1989 he proposed a new Pomorian Proper, based on his native dialect of Viestūtė (Wiastowce in Polish), which is a Central-Western dialect and also the one having the longest written records. This new Pomorian Proper is a mixture of Western and Eastern dialects and the new orthography is a compromise variant between the traditional and Eastern systems of writing combining some of their features. Today books, the media and schools use this orthography.
[[Category:Pamarėska]]
[[Category:Pamarėska]]
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