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====Case and Number====
====Case and Number====
Peshpeg's three-way split in its morphological alignment underlies its nominal case-number system.  Thus, the case-number system reflects the nominal system's animacy hierarchy.  A nominative-accusative pattern among Class I nouns, an ergative-absolutive pattern in Class II nouns, and a direct alignment in its Class III nouns.  The nominative-accusative pattern in Class I nouns marks direct objects with the submorpheme ''-j-''.  The ergative-absolutive system is distinguished by the submorpheme ''-d-'' for ergative arguments.  Class III nouns do not distinguish agent-patient roles, reflecting the direct alignment of these nouns.
Peshpeg's three-way split in its morphological alignment underlies its nominal case-number system.  Thus, the case-number system reflects the nominal system's animacy hierarchy.  A nominative-accusative pattern is observed among Class I nouns, an ergative-absolutive pattern in Class II nouns, and a direct marking in its Class III nouns.  The nominative-accusative pattern in Class I nouns marks direct objects with the submorpheme ''-j-''.  The ergative-absolutive system is distinguished by the submorpheme ''-d-'' for ergative arguments.  Class III nouns do not distinguish agent-patient roles, reflecting the direct alignment of these nouns.


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
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}}
}}


The split ergativity of the language can appear in the same clause.  This situation arises when Class I and Class II arguments co-occur as core arguments in transitive clauses, demonstrated in the next two examples:
Tripartite marking can in the same clause, wherein both the ergative and accusative markers both occur.  This situation arises when Class I and Class II arguments co-occur as core arguments in transitive clauses, demonstrated in the next two examples:
    
    
1. Marked Agent + Marked Patient (Class II Ergative + Class I Accusative):
1. Marked Agent + Marked Patient (Class II Ergative + Class I Accusative):
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2. Unmarked Agent + Unmarked Patient (Class I Nominative + Class II Absolutive):
2. Unmarked Agent + Unmarked Patient (Class I Nominative + Class II Absolutive):
{{Gloss
{{Gloss
|phrase = Torzhadu Kodzorinjor munembiri jorlu.
|phrase = Kodzorin torzha munembiri jorlu.
| IPA =   
| IPA =   
| morphemes = kodzorin torzha mu-nembiri jorlu.
| morphemes = kodzorin torzha mu-nembiri jorlu.
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| IPA =  
| IPA =  
| morphemes = golahát-in i-ru-nki daltashi
| morphemes = golahát-in i-ru-nki daltashi
| gloss = in_duari-CL3 PST-go-CL3.S alone
| gloss = dirt-CL3 PST-go-CL3.S alone
| translation = The Ín Duári (man) went unaccompanied.
| translation = The Ín Duári (man) went unaccompanied.
}}
}}
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==== Bound Pronominal Affixes ====
==== Bound Pronominal Affixes ====
The bound pronominal affixes are agreement prefixes that attach to the beginning of the verb complex.  Aside from allomorphs resulting from the earlier vowel harmony system, they do not differ in form regardless of whether they occupy the subject or object positions. Ambiguity arises in number marking in the Class II affixes in their pre-vocalic forms due to phonologic mergers. Class III affixes, like their independent forms, make no distinction in number.
The pronominal agreement markers appear in the following table:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+
!  
! colspan="2"|First Person
! colspan="2"|Second Person
! colspan="2"|Class I
! colspan="2"|Class II
! colspan="2"|Class III
|-
|-
! Person-Number !! Object !! Subject
!  
! Sg
! Pl
! Sg
! Pl
! Sg
! Pl
! Sg
! Pl
! Sg
! Pl
|-
|-
! 1S
! Before a consonant:
| se-,su-,so-
| style="text-align:center"|su-
| su-, -s-
| style="text-align:center"|ve-
| style="text-align:center"|mu-
| style="text-align:center"|jo-
| style="text-align:center"|ne-
| style="text-align:center"|hu-
| style="text-align:center"|gu-
| style="text-align:center"|gi-
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2"|ye-<br/>e- <ref>Precedes /j/, e.g. ''e-yódori''.</ref>
|-
|-
! 1P
! Before a vowel:
| ne-,nu-,no-
| style="text-align:center"|s-
| ne-, -n-
| style="text-align:center"|v-
|-
| style="text-align:center"|m-
! 2S
| style="text-align:center"|jor-
| ve-,vu-,vo-
| style="text-align:center"|n-  
| ve-, -v-
| style="text-align:center"|h-  
|-
| style="text-align:center" colspan=2|g-
! CL1.S
| style="text-align:center" colspan=2|y-
| mi, mu-,mo-
| mu-, -m-
|-
! CL2
| ji, ju-,jo-
| jo-, -j-
|-
! CL3
| ne-,nu-,no-
| ne-, -n-
|-
! 1P
| hi-,hu-,ho-
| hu-, -hu-
|-
! 2P
| gi-,gu-,go-
| gü-,go-
|-
! 3P
| gu-, -g-
| gi-, -g-
|-
|-
|}
|}
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Peshpeg verbs are divided into two classes, compound verbs, and synthetic verbs.  Compound verbs consist of an inflected auxiliary followed by a verbal noun, although the verbal noun may precede the auxiliary.  In contrast, synthetic verbs encode all verbal inflections on the verb root itself. Of these two classes, the compound verbs are the predominant class.
Peshpeg verbs are divided into two classes, compound verbs, and synthetic verbs.  Compound verbs consist of an inflected auxiliary followed by a verbal noun, although the verbal noun may precede the auxiliary.  In contrast, synthetic verbs encode all verbal inflections on the verb root itself. Of these two classes, the compound verbs are the predominant class.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Conjugation of Auxiliary ''-mb-'' '''
! rowspan="4" | Person
|-
! colspan="6" | Tense
|-
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
|-
!  Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1
|| sumbi || vembi || sumbiri || vembiri || sumboji || vemboji
|-
! 2
|| membi || jombi|| membiri  || jombiri|| memboji || jomboji
|-
! Class I
|| nembi || humbi||nembiri || humbiri || nemboji || humboji
|-
! Class II
|| gumbi <br/> gombi || gundombi <br/> godombi ||gumbiri <br/> gombiri || godombori || gomboji || godomboji
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |yódori <br/> yodombi
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| yombori <br/>yodombori
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ójori <br/> yodóroji
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Conjugation of Synthetic Verb <span style="font-style:italic">ye-</span> "to eat"'''
! rowspan="4" | Person
|-
! colspan="6" | Tense
|-
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
|-
!  Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1
|| yeni || yenti || iyeni || iyenti || tiyeni || tiyenti
|-
! 2
|| yezi || yesti|| iyezi || iyesti|| tiyezi || tiyesti
|-
! Class I
|| ye || yeti||iye || iyeti || tiye || tiyeti
|-
! Class II
|| yemvi || yemvit ||iyemvi || iyemvit || tiyemvi || tiyemvit
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |yenki <br/>yenkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| iyenki <br/>iyenkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tiyenki <br/> tiyenkik
|}


====Compound Verbs====
====Compound Verbs====
The auxiliary ''-mb-'' of compound verbs developed from the fusion of a bound pronominal marker to the connective particle ''mon'' (possibly derived from the Minhast connective ''min''), which is attached to the suffix ''-bi''<sup>1</sup>, plus a tense-aspect marker.  The verbal noun contains the semantic content of the verb phrase.
The auxiliary ''-mb-'' of compound verbs developed from the fusion of a bound pronominal marker to the connective particle ''mon'' (possibly derived from the Minhast connective ''min''), which is attached to the suffix ''-bi''<ref>Possibly from a defunct locative case suffix ''-bi'', ultimately derived from Middle Peshpeg ''*nimi'' "chest", c.f. Modern Peshpeg ''embi'' "hollow"</ref>, plus a tense-aspect marker.  The verbal noun contains the semantic content of the verb phrase.


Subject and object pronominal prefixes attach to the head of the verb complex.  Residual traces of the now-defunct vowel harmony system is preserved to varying degrees depending on the dialect.
Subject and object pronominal prefixes attach to the head of the verb complex.  Residual traces of the now-defunct vowel harmony system is preserved to varying degrees depending on the dialect.


Auxiliary Verb Template
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
 
|+ '''Pronominal Agreement Markers'''
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
|-
! Object !! Subject !! Connective !! Locative !! Tense !! Mood
! Object !! Subject !! Connective !! Locative !! Tense !! Mood
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}}
}}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
====Synthetic Verbs====
|+ '''Present'''
Unlike periphrastic verbs, which require two separate lexemes, an auxiliary verb plus a verb root, synthetic verbs encode all verbal inflections on the verb root itself.  Synthetic verbs are conservative, preserving the original Peshpeg verbal paradigms. The majority of the roots of synthetic verbs are monosyllabic and are high-frequency words, the latter of which has led to their preservation.
! rowspan="2" | Person 
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| sumbi
| vembi
|-
! 2
| membi
| jombi
|-
! Class I
| nembi
| humbi
|-
! Class II
| gumbi/gombi
| gundombi/godombi
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|yódori<br/> yadombi
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Past'''
! rowspan="2" | Person 
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| sumbiri
| vembiri
|-
! 2
| membiri
| jombiri
|-
! Class I
| nembiri
| humbiri
|-
! Class II
| gumbiri <br/> gombiri
| godombori
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|yódori<br/> yodombori
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Future'''
! rowspan="2" | Person  
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| sumboji
| vemboji
|-
! 2
| memboji
| jomboji
|-
! Class I
| nemboji
| humboji
|-
! Class II
| gomboji
| godomboji
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|yodoroji<br/> ojori
|-
|}


====Synthetic Verbs====
Unlike periphrastic verbs, which require two separate lexemes, an auxiliary verb plus a verb root, synthetic verbs encode all verbal inflections on the verb root itself.  Synthetic verbs are conservative, preserving the original Peshpeg verbal paradigms. 


===== Non-stative Verbs =====
Three tenses are distinguished: present (unmarked), past (marked with the prefix ''i-''), and future (prefix ''ta-'').  Aspect marking is distinguished by null-marking for the perfect, and the prefix ''dal-'' for the imperfect.  The prefixes show vowel harmony with the first vowel of the verb root.
Three tenses are distinguished: present (unmarked), past (marked with the prefix ''i-''), and future (prefix ''ta-'').  Aspect marking is distinguished by null-marking for the perfect, and the prefix ''dal-'' for the imperfect.  The prefixes show vowel harmony with the first vowel of the verb root.


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}}
}}


*<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> vuz-</span> to do, make; to cause
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Present'''
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">uz-</span> "to do, make; to cause"'''
! rowspan="2" | Person
! rowspan="4" | Person
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
|-
! 1
! colspan="6" | Tense
| uzni
| uzunti
|-
|-
! 2
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
| uzi
| uzusti
|-
|-
! Class I
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
| uzu
| uzuti
|-
|-
! Class II
! 1
| uzumvi
|| uzni || uzunti || üzni || üzünti <ref>The seemingly irregular ''ü'' ablaut is a result of a regular sound change, ''i'' + ''u'' → ''ü'', which triggers vowel harmonization of the next ''u'', resulting in *''iuzunti'' → ''üzünti''</ref>|| tuzni || tuzunti
| uzumvit
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|uzunki <br/> urunkik
|-
|}
 
*<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> ru-</span> to go
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Present'''
! rowspan="2" | Person 
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| runi
| runti
|-
|-
! 2
! 2  
| ruzi
|| uzi || uzusti|| üzi || üzüsti|| tuzi || tuzusti
| rusti
|-
|-
! Class I
! Class I  
| ru
|| uzu || uzuti||üzü || üzüti || tuzu || tuzuti
| ruti
|-
|-
! Class II
! Class II  
| rumvi
|| uzumvi || uzumvit ||üzümvi || üzumvit || tuzumvi || tuzumvit
| rumvit
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|runki <br/> runkik
|-
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |uzunki <br/>uzunkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| üzünki <br/>üzünkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tuzunkik <br/> tuzunkik
|}
|}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Past'''
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">ru-</span> "to go"'''
! rowspan="2" | Person
! rowspan="4" | Person
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| iruni  <!-- i-ru-n-i -->
| irunti <!-- i-ru-n-t-i -->
|-
! 2
| iruzi <!-- i-ru-z-i -->
| irusti <!-- i-ru-z-t-i -->
|-
|-
! Class I
! colspan="6" | Tense
| iru <!-- i-ru-i -->
| iruti <!-- i-ru-t-i -->
|-
|-
! Class II
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
| irumvi <!-- i-ru-mv-i -->
| irumvit <!-- i-ru-nv-i-t -->
|-
|-
! Class III
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|irunki <!-- i-ru-nk-i <br/> irunkik < i-ru-nk-i-t -->
|-
|-
|}
! 1
 
|| runi || runti || iruni<ref>The ''i-'' prefix does not harmonize to the expected ''u-'' form.</ref> || irunti || turuni || turunti
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Future'''
! rowspan="2" | Person 
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| turuni
| turunti
|-
|-
! 2
! 2  
| turuzi
|| ruzi || rusti|| iruzi || iruzusti|| turuzi || turusti
| turusti
|-
|-
! Class I
! Class I  
| turu
|| ru || ruti||iru || iruti || turu || turuti
| turuti
|-
! Class II
| turumvi
| turumvit
|-
|-
! Class III
! Class II
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|turunki <br/> turunkik
|| rumvi || rumvit ||irumvi || irumvit || turumvi || turumvit
|-
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |runki <br/>runkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| irunki <br/>irunkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| turunkik <br/> tuzunkik
|}
|}


*<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> ye-</span> to do


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Present'''
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">ye-</span> "to eat"'''
! rowspan="2" | Person
! rowspan="4" | Person
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| yeni
| yenti
|-
|-
! 2
! colspan="6" | Tense
| yezi
| yesti
|-
|-
! Class I
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
| yi
| yeti
|-
|-
! Class II
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
| yemvi
| yemvit
|-
|-
! Class III
! 1
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|yenki<br/> yenkik
|| yeni || yenti || iyeni || iyenti || tiyeni || tiyenti
|-
|}
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Past'''
! rowspan="2" | Person 
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| iyeni
| iyenti
|-
|-
! 2
! 2  
| iyezi
|| yezi || yesti|| iyezi || iyesti|| tiyezi || tiyesti
| iyesti
|-
! Class I
| iye
| iyeti
|-
|-
! Class II
! Class I
| iyemvi
|| ye || yeti||iye || iyeti || tiye || tiyeti
| iyemvit
|-
|-
! Class III
! Class II
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|iyenki <br/> iyenkik
|| yemvi || yemvit ||iyemvi || iyemvit || tiyemvi || tiyemvit
|-
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |yenki <br/>yenkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| iyenki <br/>iyenkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tiyenki <br/> tiyenkik
|}
|}


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Future'''
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">tor-/toru-</span> "to want"'''
! rowspan="2" | Person
! rowspan="4" | Person
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| tayeni
| tayenti
|-
|-
! 2
! colspan="6" | Tense
| tayezi
| tayesti
|-
|-
! Class I
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
| taye
| tayeti
|-
|-
! Class II
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
| tayemvi
| tayemvit
|-
|-
! Class III
! 1
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|tayenki <br/> tayenkik
|| torni || torunti || utorni || itorunti || tutorni || tutorunti
|-
|}
 
 
*<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> tor-</span> to want
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Present'''
! rowspan="2" | Person 
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| torni < tor-n-i
| torunti < tor-n-t-i
|-
|-
! 2
! 2  
| torzi < tor-z-i
|| torzi || torusti|| utorzi || itorusti|| tutorzi || tutorusti
| toristi < tor-z-t-i
|-
|-
! Class I
! Class I  
| tori < tor-i
|| tori<ref>Not the expected ''tor''.  The source of the irregular ''-i'' ending remains unknown.</ref> || torti||utor || utorti || tutor || tutorti
| torti < tor-t-i
|-
|-
! Class II
! Class II  
| torumvi < tor-mv-i
|| torumvi || torumvit ||utorumvi || utorumvit || tutorumvi || tutorumvit
| tormvit < tor-nv-i-t
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|torunki < tor-nk-i <br/> torunkik < tor-nk-i-t
|-
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |torunki <br/>torunkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| utorunki <br/>utorunkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tutorunki <br/> tutorunkik
|}
|}
 
<br/>
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Past'''
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">jor-/jóru-</span> "to say"'''
! rowspan="2" | Person
! rowspan="4" | Person
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| itorni < i-tor-n-i
| itorunti < i-tor-n-t-i
|-
! 2
| itorzi < i-tor-z-i
| itoristi < i-tor-z-t-i
|-
|-
! Class I
! colspan="6" | Tense
| itori < i-tor-i
| itorti < i-tor-t-i
|-
|-
! Class II
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
| itorumvi < i-tor-mv-i
| itormvit < i-tor-nv-i-t
|-
|-
! Class III
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|itorunki < i-tor-nk-i <br/> itorunkik < i-tor-nk-i-t
|-
|-
|}
! 1
 
|| jorni || jorunti || ijorni || ijorunti || tajorni || tajorunti
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Future'''
! rowspan="2" | Person 
! colspan="2" | Number
|-
! Singular
! Plural
|-
! 1
| tatorni < ta-tor-n-i
| tatorunti < ta-tor-n-t-i
|-
|-
! 2
! 2  
| tatorzi < ta-tor-z-i
|| jorzi || jorusti|| ijorzi || ijorusti|| tajorzi || tajorusti
| tatoristi < ta-tor-z-t-i
|-
|-
! Class I
! Class I  
| tatori < ta-tor-i
|| jor|| jorti||ijor || ijorti || tajor || tajorti
| tatorti < ta-tor-t-i
|-
! Class II
| tatorumvi < ta-tor-mv-i
| tatormvit < ta-tor-nv-i-t
|-
|-
! Class III
! Class II
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|tatorunki < ta-tor-nk-i <br/> tatorunkik < ta-tor-nk-i-t
|| jorumvi || jorumvit ||ijorumvi || ijorumvit || tajorumvi || tajorumvit
|-
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |jorunki <br/>jorunkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ijorunki <br/>ijorunkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tajorunki <br/> tajorunkik
|}
|}


 
<!--
*<span style="font-weight:bold; font-style:italic"> jóru-</span> to say
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Present'''
|+ '''Present'''
Line 1,143: Line 963:
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|tajórunki < tajóru-nk-i <br/> tajórunkik < tajóru-nk-i-t
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|tajórunki < tajóru-nk-i <br/> tajórunkik < tajóru-nk-i-t
|-
|-
|}
-->
===== Stative Verbs =====
<br/>
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">doc-</span> "be red"'''
! rowspan="4" | Person
|-
! colspan="6" | Tense
|-
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
|-
!  Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1
|| docni || docunti || idocni || idocunti || udocni || udocunti
|-
! 2
|| dozi || dosti|| idozi || idosti|| udozin || udosti
|-
! Class I
|| doc || dosti||udoc || udoci || udoz || udosti
|-
! Class II
|| dozi || dozit || dozün || dozüt || udozin || udozüt
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |docunki <br/>docunkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| idocunki <br/>idocunkik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| udocunki <br/> udocunkik
|}
<br/>
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">tava-</span> "be blue"'''
! rowspan="4" | Person
|-
! colspan="6" | Tense
|-
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future
|-
!  Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1
|| tavani || tavanti || itavani || itavanti || etavani || etavanti
|-
! 2
|| tavasi || tavasti|| itavagi || itavasti|| etavagin || etavasti
|-
! Class I
|| tava || tavati||etava || etavai || etavagi || etavasti
|-
! Class II
|| tavagi || tavagit || tavagün || tavagüt || etavagin || etavagüt
|-
! Class III
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |tavanki <br/>tavankik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| itavanki <br/>itavankik
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| etavanki <br/> etavankik
|}
|}


Line 1,229: Line 1,110:


==Footnotes==
==Footnotes==
<sup>1</sup>Possibly from a defunct locative case suffix ''-bi'', ultimately derived from Middle Peshpeg ''*nimi'' "chest", c.f. Modern Peshpeg ''embi'' "hollow"
{{reflist}}
 
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