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Peshpeg: Difference between revisions
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→Stative Verbs
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2. Unmarked Agent + Unmarked Patient (Class I Nominative + Class II Absolutive): | 2. Unmarked Agent + Unmarked Patient (Class I Nominative + Class II Absolutive): | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = | |phrase = Kodzorin torzha munembiri jorlu. | ||
| IPA = | | IPA = | ||
| morphemes = kodzorin torzha mu-nembiri jorlu. | | morphemes = kodzorin torzha mu-nembiri jorlu. | ||
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Unlike periphrastic verbs, which require two separate lexemes, an auxiliary verb plus a verb root, synthetic verbs encode all verbal inflections on the verb root itself. Synthetic verbs are conservative, preserving the original Peshpeg verbal paradigms. The majority of the roots of synthetic verbs are monosyllabic and are high-frequency words, the latter of which has led to their preservation. | Unlike periphrastic verbs, which require two separate lexemes, an auxiliary verb plus a verb root, synthetic verbs encode all verbal inflections on the verb root itself. Synthetic verbs are conservative, preserving the original Peshpeg verbal paradigms. The majority of the roots of synthetic verbs are monosyllabic and are high-frequency words, the latter of which has led to their preservation. | ||
===== Non-stative Verbs ===== | |||
Three tenses are distinguished: present (unmarked), past (marked with the prefix ''i-''), and future (prefix ''ta-''). Aspect marking is distinguished by null-marking for the perfect, and the prefix ''dal-'' for the imperfect. The prefixes show vowel harmony with the first vowel of the verb root. | Three tenses are distinguished: present (unmarked), past (marked with the prefix ''i-''), and future (prefix ''ta-''). Aspect marking is distinguished by null-marking for the perfect, and the prefix ''dal-'' for the imperfect. The prefixes show vowel harmony with the first vowel of the verb root. | ||
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| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| utorunki <br/>utorunkik | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| utorunki <br/>utorunkik | ||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tutorunki <br/> tutorunkik | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tutorunki <br/> tutorunkik | ||
|} | |||
<br/> | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | |||
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">jor-/jóru-</span> "to say"''' | |||
! rowspan="4" | Person | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="6" | Tense | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
|| jorni || jorunti || ijorni || ijorunti || tajorni || tajorunti | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
|| jorzi || jorusti|| ijorzi || ijorusti|| tajorzi || tajorusti | |||
|- | |||
! Class I | |||
|| jor|| jorti||ijor || ijorti || tajor || tajorti | |||
|- | |||
! Class II | |||
|| jorumvi || jorumvit ||ijorumvi || ijorumvit || tajorumvi || tajorumvit | |||
|- | |||
! Class III | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |jorunki <br/>jorunkik | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| ijorunki <br/>ijorunkik | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| tajorunki <br/> tajorunkik | |||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | ||
|+ '''Present''' | |+ '''Present''' | ||
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| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|tajórunki < tajóru-nk-i <br/> tajórunkik < tajóru-nk-i-t | | colspan="2" style="text-align:center"|tajórunki < tajóru-nk-i <br/> tajórunkik < tajóru-nk-i-t | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |||
--> | |||
===== Stative Verbs ===== | |||
<br/> | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | |||
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">doc-</span> "be red"''' | |||
! rowspan="4" | Person | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="6" | Tense | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
|| docni || docunti || idocni || idocunti || udocni || udocunti | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
|| dozi || dosti|| idozi || idosti|| udozin || udosti | |||
|- | |||
! Class I | |||
|| doc || dosti||udoc || udoci || udoz || udosti | |||
|- | |||
! Class II | |||
|| dozi || dozit || dozün || dozüt || udozin || udozüt | |||
|- | |||
! Class III | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |docunki <br/>docunkik | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| idocunki <br/>idocunkik | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| udocunki <br/> udocunkik | |||
|} | |||
<br/> | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible" | |||
|+ '''Conjugation of <span style="font-style:italic">tava-</span> "be blue"''' | |||
! rowspan="4" | Person | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="6" | Tense | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Present !!colspan="2"| Past !!colspan="2"| Future | |||
|- | |||
! Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! 1 | |||
|| tavani || tavanti || itavani || itavanti || etavani || etavanti | |||
|- | |||
! 2 | |||
|| tavasi || tavasti|| itavagi || itavasti|| etavagin || etavasti | |||
|- | |||
! Class I | |||
|| tava || tavati||etava || etavai || etavagi || etavasti | |||
|- | |||
! Class II | |||
|| tavagi || tavagit || tavagün || tavagüt || etavagin || etavagüt | |||
|- | |||
! Class III | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center" |tavanki <br/>tavankik | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| itavanki <br/>itavankik | |||
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| etavanki <br/> etavankik | |||
|} | |} | ||