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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
→Changes to Geminate Obstruents
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===Changes to Geminate Obstruents=== | ===Changes to Geminate Obstruents=== | ||
Part of a major change to all geminate consonants in the language that occur around 700ᴀᴅ. We’ll deal with each change separately here. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|700ᴀᴅ: Obstruents are Degeminated | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| Phonemic | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''Cː[-son] → hC '''</span><br /> | |||
''“The first consonant of a geminate obstruent becomes /h/.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive: | |||
| bb → hb<br /> | |||
dd → hd<br /> | |||
pp → hp<br /> | |||
tt → ht<br /> | |||
kk → kh<br /> | |||
ff → hf<br /> | |||
þþ → hþ<br /> | |||
ss → hs | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘egg’ | |||
!width=150| ‘speech’ | |||
!width=150| ‘father’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''aiją''<br />[ai̯jã] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''kwissiz''<br />[kwi'''ss'''iz] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''attô''<br />[a'''tt'''oːː]] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''addi''<br />[a'''dd'''i] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''qiss''<br />[kwi'''ss'''] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''atta''<br />[a'''tt'''a] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''addi ''<br />[a'''dd'''i] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''kwiss''<br />[kwi'''ss'''] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''atta''<br />[a'''tt'''a] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Rule: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''ahdi ''<br />[a'''hd'''i] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''kwihs''<br />[kwi'''hs'''] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''ahta''<br />[a'''ht'''a] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''ahdi''<br />[a'''hd'''i] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''qvihs''<br />[kwi'''hs'''] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''ahta''<br />[a'''ht'''a] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''âdi''<br />['''aːd'''i] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''qwîs''<br />[kw'''iːs'''] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''âta''<br />['''aːt'''a] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''āde''<br />['''aːd'''e̞] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kwīs''<br />[kw'''iːs'''] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''āta''<br />['''aːt'''a] | |||
|} | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit: | |||
| 1100ᴀᴅ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| Persistent until the H-Changes of Late Old Valthungian, evidenced by Latin geminates undergoing the process after the Old Valthungian period. The resulting Vh sequences later undergo lengthening in the Middle Valthungian period. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory: | |||
| (''unchanged'') Phonotactics no longer allow geminate sequences. | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| p | |||
|width=25| t | |||
|width=25| k | |||
|width=25| kw | |||
|width=25| b | |||
|width=25| d | |||
|width=25| g | |||
|width=25| gw | |||
|width=25| hw | |||
|width=25| f | |||
|width=25| þ | |||
|width=25| s | |||
|width=25| z | |||
|width=25| x | |||
|width=25| h | |||
|width=25| m | |||
|width=25| n | |||
|width=25| l | |||
|width=25| r | |||
|width=25| j | |||
|width=25| w | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n || l || r || j || w | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w | |||
|] | |||
|} | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| i | |||
|width=25| e | |||
|width=25| a | |||
|width=25| o | |||
|width=25| u | |||
|width=25| ī | |||
|width=25| ē | |||
|width=25| ǣ | |||
|width=25| ā | |||
|width=25| ǭ | |||
|width=25| ō | |||
|width=25| ū | |||
|width=25| iu | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| i || e || a || o || u | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| iw | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| ɪʊ̯ | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Changes to Geminate Nasals I=== | ===Changes to Geminate Nasals I=== | ||
===Changes to Geminate Liquids=== | ===Changes to Geminate Liquids=== | ||