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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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→Changes to Geminate Liquids
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===Changes to Geminate Liquids=== | ===Changes to Geminate Liquids=== | ||
Part of a major change to all geminate consonants in the language that occur around 700ᴀᴅ. We’ll deal with each change separately here. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|700ᴀᴅ: Liquids are Degeminated | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| Phonemic | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''Cː[+son][-nas] → C[-son][-cnt]C '''</span><br /> | |||
''“The first consonant of a liquid geminate becomes a voiced stop in the same place of articulation.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive: | |||
| ll → dl<br />rr → dr | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Notes: | |||
| ''/dl/ comes to be realized as [dɮ]. Its exact articulation at the time of this rule is not clear, but is not subject to persistent [[#Spirantisation_II|Spirantisation II]], so not precisely [dl].'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘to fall’ | |||
!width=150| ‘far from’ | |||
!width=150| ‘that.ᴅᴀᴛ’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''fallaną''<br />[fallaną] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''ferrai''<br />[ferrai̯] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''skellaną''<br />[skellanã] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fallan''<br />[fallan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fairra''<br />[ferra] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''skillan''<br />[skillan] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''fallan''<br />[fallan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''ferra''<br />[ferra] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''skillan''<br />[skillan] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Rule: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''fadlan ''<br />[fađlan] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''fedra''<br />[feđra] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''skidlan''<br />[skiđlan] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''fadlan''<br />[fađlan] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''fedra''<br />[feđra] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''skidlan''<br />[skiđlan] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fadlɴ''<br />[fadln̩] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fedra''<br />[fedrə] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''scidlɴ''<br />[skɪdln̩] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fadlan''<br />[fadlan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fedra''<br />[fedra] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''skidlan''<br />[skidlan] | |||
|} | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit: | |||
| 1100ᴀᴅ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| Persistent until at least Late Old Valthungian, evidenced by Latin geminates undergoing the process after the Old Valthungian period. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory: | |||
| (''unchanged'') Phonotactics no longer allow geminate sequences. | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| p | |||
|width=25| t | |||
|width=25| k | |||
|width=25| kw | |||
|width=25| b | |||
|width=25| d | |||
|width=25| g | |||
|width=25| gw | |||
|width=25| hw | |||
|width=25| f | |||
|width=25| þ | |||
|width=25| s | |||
|width=25| z | |||
|width=25| x | |||
|width=25| h | |||
|width=25| m | |||
|width=25| n | |||
|width=25| l | |||
|width=25| r | |||
|width=25| j | |||
|width=25| w | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n || l || r || j || w | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w | |||
|] | |||
|} | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| i | |||
|width=25| e | |||
|width=25| a | |||
|width=25| o | |||
|width=25| u | |||
|width=25| ī | |||
|width=25| ē | |||
|width=25| ǣ | |||
|width=25| ā | |||
|width=25| ǭ | |||
|width=25| ō | |||
|width=25| ū | |||
|width=25| iu | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| i || e || a || o || u | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| iw | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| ɪʊ̯ | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Metathesis=== | ===Metathesis=== | ||
===Deletion of s after r=== | ===Deletion of s after r=== | ||