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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
Phonological history of Valthungian (view source)
Revision as of 16:12, 29 February 2024
, 29 February→Spirantisation II
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===Spirantisation II=== | ===Spirantisation II=== | ||
This is the second expansion of the [[#Spirantisation 0|Germanic Spirantisatrion Rule]] inherited from Proto-Germanic. The rule is unchanged, but the environment expands to include a following nasal. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|450ᴀᴅ: Voiced Stops become Continuant before Nasals | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| Phonetic | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''C[-snt][+vox] → [+cnt] / V,L}___{V,L,N'''</span><br /> | |||
''“A voiced stop becomes continuant after a vowel or liquid when followed by a vowel, a liquid, or a nasal.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive: | |||
| b,d,g → β,ð,ɣ / V,r,l}___{V,r,l,m,n | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Notes: | |||
| ''Allophonic at this stage.'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘voice’ | |||
!width=150| ‘to become separated’ | |||
!width=150| ‘tree’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''stebnō''<br />[stebnoː] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''gaskaidnaną''<br />[ɡaskaidnanã] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''bagmaz''<br />[baɡmaz] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''stibna''<br />[stɪbna] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gaskaidnan''<br />[ɡaskɛːdnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''bagms''<br />[baɡm̩s] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''stibna''<br />[stɪbna] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''gaskǣdnan''<br />[ɡaskɛːdnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''bagms''<br />[baɡm̩s] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Spir.II: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''stibna''<br />[stɪ'''β'''na] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''gaskǣdnan''<br />[ɡaskɛː'''ð'''nan] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''bagms''<br />[ba'''ɣ'''m̩s] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''stibvna''<br />[stɪβna] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''gaskaedvnan''<br />[ɡaskɛːðnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''bagyms''<br />[baɣm̩s] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''stivna''<br />[stivnə] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gaskêðnɴ''<br />[gəskɛːðnn̩] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''bagᴍs''<br />[baɡm̩s] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''stivna''<br />[stivna] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gaskǣðnan''<br />[ɡaske̞ːðnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''bagᴍs''<br />[baɡmas] | |||
|} | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit: | |||
| 550ᴀᴅ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| Expanded into [[#Spirantisation III|Spirantisation III]] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory: | |||
| (''unchanged'') | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| p | |||
|width=25| t | |||
|width=25| k | |||
|width=25| kw | |||
|width=25| b | |||
|width=25| d | |||
|width=25| g | |||
|width=25| gw | |||
|width=25| hw | |||
|width=25| f | |||
|width=25| þ | |||
|width=25| s | |||
|width=25| z | |||
|width=25| h | |||
|width=25| m | |||
|width=25| n | |||
|width=25| l | |||
|width=25| r | |||
|width=25| j | |||
|width=25| w | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || h | |||
| m || n || l || r || j || w | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || h~x | |||
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w | |||
|] | |||
|} | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| i | |||
|width=25| e | |||
|width=25| a | |||
|width=25| o | |||
|width=25| u | |||
|width=25| ī | |||
|width=25| ē | |||
|width=25| ǣ | |||
|width=25| ā | |||
|width=25| ǭ | |||
|width=25| ō | |||
|width=25| ū | |||
|width=25| iu | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| i || e || a || o || u | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| iw | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| ɪʊ̯ | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Deletion of Interconsonantal h=== | ===Deletion of Interconsonantal h=== | ||
===Spirantisation III=== | ===Spirantisation III=== | ||