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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
Phonological history of Valthungian (view source)
Revision as of 21:21, 29 February 2024
, 29 February→Deletion of Interconsonantal h
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===Deletion of Interconsonantal h=== | === Deletion of Interconsonantal h=== | ||
An optional rule in Gothic, now no longer optional. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|500ᴀᴅ: Interconsonantal /h/ is Deleted | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| Phonetic | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">''' h → ∅ / C___C'''</span><br /> | |||
''“/h/ is deleted between two consonants.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Notes: | |||
| This change likely began much earlier and is persistent. It already appears in Gothic: ''gawaurhtai ~ gawaurtai''. Cannot cross morpheme boundaries. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘voice’ | |||
!width=150| ‘to become separated’ | |||
!width=150| ‘tree’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''melhmô''<br />[melxmoːˑ] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''wurhstwą''<br />[wurxstwã] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''berhtaz''<br />[berxtaz] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''milhma<br />[mɪlhma] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| ''waurhstw~waurstw''<br />[wɔr(h)stw]] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''bairhts''<br />[bɛrhts] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''milhma<br />[mɪlhma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''worhstw''<br />[wɔrhstw] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''berhts''<br />[bɛrhts] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| H-Deletion: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''milma<br />[mɪlma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''worstw''<br />[wɔrstw] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #DDFFFF;"| †''berhts<br />[bɛrhts] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''milma''<br />[mɪlma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''vrostv<br />[wrɔstw] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''brehts''<br />[brɛhts] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''milma''<br />[mɪlma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wrostu''<br />[wrɔstʊ] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''brêts''<br />[brɛːts] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''milma''<br />[milma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wrosto''<br />[ʋro̞sto̞] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''brǣts''<br />[bre̞ːts]] | |||
|} | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit: | |||
| 1200ᴀᴅ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| Until all word-internal instances of /h/ have disappeared except in words with unstressed prefixes as of the ~1200ᴀᴅ [[Palatalisation of h before j|Palatalisation of h before j]]. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Chronological Considerations: | |||
| Probably intermittent from Gothic times; not a full rule until the "H Changes" around 1100, accounting for the counter-example of ''berhts''→''brǣts'', above, where we would normally expect Valthungian **''brets''. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory: | |||
| (''unchanged'') | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| p | |||
|width=25| t | |||
|width=25| k | |||
|width=25| kw | |||
|width=25| b | |||
|width=25| d | |||
|width=25| g | |||
|width=25| gw | |||
|width=25| hw | |||
|width=25| f | |||
|width=25| þ | |||
|width=25| s | |||
|width=25| z | |||
|width=25| h | |||
|width=25| m | |||
|width=25| n | |||
|width=25| l | |||
|width=25| r | |||
|width=25| j | |||
|width=25| w | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || h | |||
| m || n || l || r || j || w | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || h~x | |||
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w | |||
|] | |||
|} | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| i | |||
|width=25| e | |||
|width=25| a | |||
|width=25| o | |||
|width=25| u | |||
|width=25| ī | |||
|width=25| ē | |||
|width=25| ǣ | |||
|width=25| ā | |||
|width=25| ǭ | |||
|width=25| ō | |||
|width=25| ū | |||
|width=25| iu | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| i || e || a || o || u | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| iw | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| ɪʊ̯ | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Spirantisation III=== | ===Spirantisation III=== | ||
===Expansion of [fl]→[θl], [hL]=== | ===Expansion of [fl]→[θl], [hL]=== | ||