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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
→Spirantisation III
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===Spirantisation III=== | ===Spirantisation III=== | ||
This is the third expansion of the [[#Spirantisation 0|Germanic Spirantisatrion Rule]] inherited from Proto-Germanic. In this instance, the environment remains the same while the rule changes. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|450ᴀᴅ: Unvoiced Spirants become Voiced between Sonorants | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| Phonetic | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">''' C[-snt][-cnt][-sib] → [+vox] / V,L}___{V,L,N'''</span><br /> | |||
''“In the same environment as Spirantisation II, unvoiced, non-sibilant fricatives become voiced.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive: | |||
| f,þ,h(opt) → β,ð,ɣ / V,r,l}___{V,r,l,m,n | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Notes: | |||
| ''Expansion of scope of earlier Spirantisation Rules. This rule effectively reverses Thurneysen’s Law.'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘violence’ | |||
!width=150| ‘forest’ | |||
!width=150| ‘childishly’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''waldumnijō''<br />[waldu'''m'''nijoː] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''walþuz''<br />[wal'''θ'''uz] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''neuknagô<br />[neu̯kna'''ɡ'''oːˑ] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''waldufni''<br />[waldu'''ɸ'''ni] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''walþus''<br />[wal'''θ'''us] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''niuklahō''<br />[niu̯kla'''h'''oː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''waldufni''<br />[waldu'''ɸ'''ni] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''walþus''<br />[wal'''θ'''us] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''niuklahō''<br />[niu̯kla'''h'''oː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Spir.III: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''walðuβni''<br />[walðu'''β'''ni] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''walðus''<br />[wal'''ð'''us] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''niuklaɣō''<br />[niu̯kla'''ɣ'''oː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''vladyufvni<br />[wlaðu'''β'''ni] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| ''vladyus''<br />[wla'''ð'''us] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''nivklagyou''<br />[niu̯kla'''ɣ'''oʊ̯]] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wlaðuvni''<br />[wlaðu'''v'''ni] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''wlaðus''<br />[wla'''ð'''us] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''njuklaga(swô)''<br />[njukla'''ɡ'''aswoʊ̯]] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''vlaðuvne''<br />[ʋlaðu'''v'''ne] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''vlaðus''<br />[ʋla'''ð'''us] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''njuklaga(so)''<br />[njukla'''ɡ'''aso] | |||
|} | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit: | |||
| 1100ᴀᴅ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| Persistent (along with Spirantisation II) until the H-Changes of Late Old Valthungian | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory: | |||
| (''unchanged'') | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| p | |||
|width=25| t | |||
|width=25| k | |||
|width=25| kw | |||
|width=25| b | |||
|width=25| d | |||
|width=25| g | |||
|width=25| gw | |||
|width=25| hw | |||
|width=25| f | |||
|width=25| þ | |||
|width=25| s | |||
|width=25| z | |||
|width=25| h | |||
|width=25| m | |||
|width=25| n | |||
|width=25| l | |||
|width=25| r | |||
|width=25| j | |||
|width=25| w | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || h | |||
| m || n || l || r || j || w | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || h~x | |||
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w | |||
|] | |||
|} | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| i | |||
|width=25| e | |||
|width=25| a | |||
|width=25| o | |||
|width=25| u | |||
|width=25| ī | |||
|width=25| ē | |||
|width=25| ǣ | |||
|width=25| ā | |||
|width=25| ǭ | |||
|width=25| ō | |||
|width=25| ū | |||
|width=25| iu | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| i || e || a || o || u | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| iw | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| ɪʊ̯ | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Expansion of [fl]→[θl], [hL]=== | ===Expansion of [fl]→[θl], [hL]=== | ||
===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes I=== | ===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes I=== | ||