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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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Phonological history of Valthungian (view source)

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→‎Expansion of [fl]→[θl], [hL]
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===Expansion of [fl]→[θl], [hL]===
===Expansion of [fl]→[θl], [hL]===
A set of rules, actually, which address the treatment of certain word-initial consonants followed by liquids.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|550ᴀᴅ: Changes to initial fl, hl, hr
|-
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type:
|width=1050| Phonemic & Phonetic
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule:
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''f → þ / #___l; h→ x / #___L'''</span><br />
''“All remaining occurrences of word-initial fl inherited from Gothic become þl. Word-initial h becomes [x] before a liquid (phonetic only).”''
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive:
| fl → þl<br />hl → [xl]<br />hr → [xr]
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Notes:
|''Expansion of earlier rule to include all word-initial environments. The second part of the rule later expands causing word-initial hl and hr to become þl and þr, respectively, in Middle Valthungian. For a brief period, following [[#Metathesis|metathesis]], [xL] and [hL] coexist, and they are not differentiated in Old Valthungian orthography, but [hL] does not later evolve into [θL].''
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples:
|
{| class="wikitable"
!width=100| &nbsp;
!width=150| ‘river’
!width=150| ‘to braid’
!width=150| ‘field’
!width=150| ‘bread’
!width=150| ‘preference’
!width=150| ‘corpse’
!width=150| ‘horn’
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''flōduz''<br />['''ɸl'''oːðuz]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''flehtaną''<br />['''ɸl'''extanã]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''fulþą''<br />[ɸulθã]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''hlaibaz''<br />['''hl'''aiβaz]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''halþį̄''<br />[halθĩː]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''hraiwą''<br />['''hr''ai̯wã]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''hurną''<br />[hurnã]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''flōdus''<br />['''ɸl'''oːðʊs]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''flaihtan''<br />['''ɸl'''ɛhtan]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fulþ''<br />[ɸʊlθ]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hlaifs''<br />['''hl'''ɛːɸs]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''halþei''<br />[halθiː]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hraiw''<br />['''hr'''ɛːw]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''haurn''<br />[hɔrn]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''flōdus''<br />['''ɸl'''oːðʊs]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''flehtan''<br />['''ɸl'''ɛhtan]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''fulþ''<br />[ɸʊlθ]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''hlǣfs''<br />['''hl'''ɛːɸs]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''halþī''<br />[halθiː]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''hrǣw''<br />['''hr'''ɛːw]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''horn''<br />[hɔrn]
|-
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| fl to þl:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''þlōðus''<br />['''θl'''oːðʊs]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''þlehtan''<br />['''θl'''ɛhtan]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''fulþ ''<br />[ɸʊlθ]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''hlǣfs ''<br />['''xl'''ɛːɸs]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''halðī ''<br />[halθiː]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''hrǣw''<br />['''xr'''ɛːw]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''horn''<br />[hɔrn]
|-
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDCC;"| Metathesis:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þlōðus''<br />['''θl'''oːðʊs]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þlehtan''<br />['''θl'''ɛhtan]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDCC;"| *''fluþ ''<br />['''ɸl'''ʊθ]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''hlǣfs ''<br />['''xl'''ɛːɸs]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDCC;"| *''hlaðī ''<br />['''hl'''aθiː]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''hrǣw''<br />['''xr'''ɛːw]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDCC;"| *''hron''<br />['''hr'''ɔn]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''þloudyus''<br />['''θl'''oʊ̯ðʊs]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''þlehtan''<br />['''θl'''ɛhtan]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fluþ ''<br />['''ɸl'''ʊθ]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''hlaefs''<br />['''xl'''ɛːɸs]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''hleadyij ''<br />['''hl'''ɛðiː]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''hraejv''<br />['''xr'''ɛːju]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hron''<br />['''hr'''ɔn]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þlouðus''<br />['''θl'''əʊ̯ðʊs]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þlǣtɴ''<br />['''θl'''ɛːtn̩]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fluðþ''<br />['''fl'''ʊθ]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þlǣfs''<br />['''θl'''ɛːfs]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hleðî''<br />['''xl'''ɛðiː]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þrǣju''<br />['''θr'''ɛːjʊ]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hron''<br />['''xr'''ɔn]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þlōðus''<br />['''θl'''au̯ðus]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þlǣtna''<br />['''θl'''e̞ːtna]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''fluþ''<br />['''fl'''uθ]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þlǣfs''<br />['''θl'''e̞ːfs]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hleði''<br />['''xl'''e̞ði]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þrǣjo''<br />['''θr'''e̞ːjo̞]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hron''<br />['''xr'''ɔn]
|}
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit:
| 600ᴀᴅ
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence:
| This rule is ''not'' persistent. It has to end before [[#Metathesis|Metathesis]].
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory:
| /h/ and /x/ are now distinct phonemes before a liquid.
'''Consonants'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| ⟨
|width=25| p
|width=25| t
|width=25| k
|width=25| kw
|width=25| b
|width=25| d
|width=25| g
|width=25| gw
|width=25| hw
|width=25| f
|width=25| þ
|width=25| s
|width=25| z
|width=25| x
|width=25| h
|width=25| m
|width=25| n
|width=25| l
|width=25| r
|width=25| j
|width=25| w
| ⟩
|-
| /
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h
| m || n || l || r || j || w
| /
|-
| [
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w
|]
|}
'''Vowels'''
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| ⟨
|width=25| i
|width=25| e
|width=25| a
|width=25| o
|width=25| u
|width=25| ī
|width=25| ē
|width=25| ǣ
|width=25| ā
|width=25| ǭ
|width=25| ō
|width=25| ū
|width=25| iu
| ⟩
|-
| /
| i || e || a || o || u
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː
| iw
| /
|-
| [
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː
| ɪʊ̯
| ]
|}
|}
===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes I===
===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes I===
===Clisis & Lexicalisation===
===Clisis & Lexicalisation===
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/361556"