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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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Phonological history of Valthungian (view source)

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→‎Consonant Cluster Voice Changes I
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===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes I===
===Consonant Cluster Voicing Changes I===
There are a few things that happen to the voincing of consonant clusters in the seventh century. This is the first of two stages.
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|600ᴀᴅ: Voicing and Devoicing of Obstruent Clusters
|-
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type:
|width=1050| Phonotactic
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule:
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''s → z / C[+vox]___#<br />
zC[+vox] → [-vox]'''</span><br />
''“Final s after a voiced consonant becomes z. Word-internal voiced consonant clusters become devoiced.”''
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive:
| bs# → bz<br />ds# → dz <br />gs# → gz <br />zb → sp <br />zd → st <br />zg → sk
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples:
|
{| class="wikitable"
!width=100| &nbsp;
!width=150| ‘half’
!width=150| ‘Presbytery’
!width=150| ‘garden’
!width=150| ‘language’
!width=150| ‘day’
!width=150| ‘ashes’
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''halbaz''<br />[xalbaz]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''πρεσβῠτέρῐον''<br />[pre'''zb'''yterion]¹
|style="text-align: center;"| *''urtigardiz ''<br />[ʊrtɪɡardaz]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''razdō''<br />[ra'''zd'''oː]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''dagaz''<br />[daɣaz]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''askǭ''<br />[a'''sk'''õːˑ]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''halbs''<br />[hal'''bs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''praizbwtairei''<br />[prɛ'''zb'''ʏtɛriː]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''aurtigards ''<br />[ɔrtɪɡar'''ds''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''razda''<br />[ra'''zd'''a]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''dags''<br />[da'''ɡs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''azgō''<br />[a'''zɡ'''oː]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut:
|style="text-align: center;"| *''halbs''<br />[hal'''bs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| *''prezbyterī''<br />[prɛ'''zb'''ʏtɛriː]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''ortigards ''<br />[ɔrtɪɡar'''ds''']
|style="text-align: center;"| *''razda''<br />[ra'''zd'''a]
|style="text-align: center;"| *''dags''<br />[da'''ɡs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| *''azgō''<br />[a'''zɡ'''oː]
|-
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Vox.I:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''halbz''<br />[hal'''βz''']
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''prespyterī''<br />[prɛ'''sp'''ʏtɛriː]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''ortigarðz ''<br />[ɔrtɪɡar'''ðz''']
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''rasta''<br />[ra'''st'''a]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''dagz''<br />[da'''ɣz''']
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''askō''<br />[a'''sk'''oː]
|-
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDCC;"| Vox.II:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDCC;"| *''halfs''<br />[hal'''ɸs''']
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''prespyterī''<br />[prɛ'''sp'''ʏtɛriː]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDCC;"| *''ortigarþs ''<br />[ɔrtɪɡar'''θs''']
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''rasta''<br />[ra'''st'''a]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''dagz''<br />[da'''ɡz''']
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''askō''<br />[a'''sk'''oː]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal:
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''hlafs''<br />[hla'''ɸs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| *''prespyterij''<br />[prɛ'''sp'''ʏtɛriː]
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''rotigraþs''<br />[rɔtɪɡra'''θs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''rasta''<br />[ra'''st'''a]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''dagz''<br />[da'''ɡz''']
|style="text-align: center;"| *''askou''<br />[a'''sk'''oʊ̯]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hlafs''<br />[xla'''fs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| '' prespiterî''<br />[prɛ'''sp'''ɪtɛriː]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''rotigraþs''<br />[rɔtɪɡra'''θs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''rasta''<br />[ra'''st'''a]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''dagz''<br />[da'''ɡʑ''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''asko''<br />[a'''sk'''ɔ]
|-
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth:
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hlafs''<br />[xla'''fs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''prespiteri''<br />[pre̞'''sp'''ite̞ri]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''rotigraþs''<br />[ro̞tiɡra'''θs''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''rasta''<br />[ra'''st'''a]
|style="text-align: center;"| ''daǧ''<br />[da'''ʥ''']
|style="text-align: center;"| ''aska''<br />[a'''sk'''a]
|}
¹ This is obviously borrowed from Greek into Gothic; it was never a Proto-Germanic word.
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence:
| No
|-
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory:
| (''unchanged'')
'''Consonants'''
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| ⟨
|width=25| p
|width=25| t
|width=25| k
|width=25| kw
|width=25| b
|width=25| d
|width=25| g
|width=25| gw
|width=25| hw
|width=25| f
|width=25| þ
|width=25| s
|width=25| z
|width=25| x
|width=25| h
|width=25| m
|width=25| n
|width=25| l
|width=25| r
|width=25| j
|width=25| w
| ⟩
|-
| /
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h
| m || n || l || r || j || w
| /
|-
| [
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w
|]
|}
'''Vowels'''
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
| ⟨
|width=25| i
|width=25| e
|width=25| a
|width=25| o
|width=25| u
|width=25| ī
|width=25| ē
|width=25| ǣ
|width=25| ā
|width=25| ǭ
|width=25| ō
|width=25| ū
|width=25| iu
| ⟩
|-
| /
| i || e || a || o || u
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː
| iw
| /
|-
| [
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː
| ɪʊ̯
| ]
|}
|}
 
===Clisis & Lexicalisation===
===Clisis & Lexicalisation===
===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes II===
===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes II===
Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/361566"