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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
→Clisis & Lexicalisation
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===Clisis & Lexicalisation=== | ===Clisis & Lexicalisation=== | ||
This sort of rule is always a ''little'' bit persistent in most languages; basically, this rule blurs the lines between morpheme and word boundaries resulting in some words being combined (like French ''à''+''les'' → ''aux'') and others becoming independent words where they had previously required another word to affix to. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|600ᴀᴅ: Word Boundaries Shift | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| Morphological | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''(optionally): </br ># → + / preposition___determiner</br ># → + / preposition___pronoun</br ># → + / pronoun___pronoun</br >+ → # / ___clitic (ī, uh, hun, u)'''</span><br /> | |||
''“Common Germanic clitics may become independent words. Prepositions may fuse with a following determiner or pronoun. Sequential pronouns may be consolidated.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘in the’ | |||
!width=150| ‘give it to me’ | |||
!width=150| ‘that which’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''in þaimaz''<br />[in θaimaz] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''geb et mez''<br />[ɡeb et mez] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þanǭ ī''<br />[θanɔ͂ː iː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''in þamma''<br />[ɪn θamma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''gif ita mis''<br />[ɡiɸ ɪta mɪs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þanei''<br />[θaniː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''in þamma''<br />[ɪn ˈθamma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''gif ita mis''<br />[ɡiɸ ɪta mɪs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þanī''<br />[ˈθaniː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| (Dis)clisis: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''inþamma''<br />[ɪnˈθamma] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''gif it(a)mis''<br />[ɡiɸ ɪt(a)ˈmɪs]¹ | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''þanī~þan ī''<br />[ˈθaniː~θan iː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''inþapma''<br />[ɪnˈθapma] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''gif itmis''<br />[ɡɪɸ ɪtˈmɪs] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''þeanij~þan ij''<br />[ˈθæniː~θan iː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''inþatma''<br />[ɪnˈθatma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gif itmis ''<br />[ɡɪf ɪtˈmɪs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þenî, þan î''<br />[ˈθɛniː~θan iː] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''inþatma''<br />[inˈθatma] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''gif itmis''<br />[ɡif itˈmis] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þeni~þan ī''<br />[θeni~θan iː] | |||
|} | |||
¹ The final ‑a of ''ita'' is deleted around 900ᴀᴅ in the [[#Deletion of Final Unstressed a|Deletion of Final Unstressed [a] Rule]]; this rule may have applied before, after, or even twice. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| Persistent but optional. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Chronological Considerations: | |||
| Must occur at a stage after late Griutungi has begun to adopt Latinate pre-verbal pronoun order. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory: | |||
| (''unchanged'') | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| p | |||
|width=25| t | |||
|width=25| k | |||
|width=25| kw | |||
|width=25| b | |||
|width=25| d | |||
|width=25| g | |||
|width=25| gw | |||
|width=25| hw | |||
|width=25| f | |||
|width=25| þ | |||
|width=25| s | |||
|width=25| z | |||
|width=25| x | |||
|width=25| h | |||
|width=25| m | |||
|width=25| n | |||
|width=25| l | |||
|width=25| r | |||
|width=25| j | |||
|width=25| w | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n || l || r || j || w | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w | |||
|] | |||
|} | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| i | |||
|width=25| e | |||
|width=25| a | |||
|width=25| o | |||
|width=25| u | |||
|width=25| ī | |||
|width=25| ē | |||
|width=25| ǣ | |||
|width=25| ā | |||
|width=25| ǭ | |||
|width=25| ō | |||
|width=25| ū | |||
|width=25| iu | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| i || e || a || o || u | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| iw | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| ɪʊ̯ | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes II=== | ===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes II=== | ||
===Changes to Geminate Obstruents=== | ===Changes to Geminate Obstruents=== | ||