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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
→Consonant Cluster Voice Changes II
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===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes II=== | ===Consonant Cluster Voice Changes II=== | ||
This is a bit of a “fill-in-the-blanks” rule, which could easily have been rolled into the earlier [[#Consonant Cluster Voicing Changes I|Consonant Cluster Voicing Changes]] rules as a secondary stage, but here it is as a separate rule to try to keep things chronological. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|650ᴀᴅ: Word-final [bz] and [dz] become devoiced. | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''C[-bck]z → [+cnt][-vox] / ___#'''</span><br /> | |||
''“The clusters /bz/ and /dz/ become devoiced (and possibly spirantized, depending on the exact quality of /b/ and /d/ in this environment at this stage). This does not apply to the dorsal /gz/, which remains voiced.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive: | |||
| bz → fs<br />dz → þs | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘half’ | |||
!width=150| ‘beard’ | |||
!width=150| ‘day’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''halbaz''<br />[halbaz] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''bardaz''<br />[bardaz] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''balgiz''<br />[balɣiz] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''halbs''<br />[halbs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''bards''<br />[bards] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''balgs''<br />[balɡs]¹ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''halbs''<br />[halbs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''bards''<br />[bards] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''balgs''<br />[balɡs]¹ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Vox II: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''halfs''<br />[halɸs] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''barþs''<br />[barθs] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''balgz''<br />[balgz] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''hlafs''<br />[xlaɸs] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''braþs''<br />[braθs] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''blagz''<br />[blaɡz] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hlavfs''<br />[xlafs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''braðþs ''<br />[braθs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''blagz''<br />[blaɡʐ] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''hlafs''<br />[xlafs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''braþs''<br />[braθs] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''blaǧ''<br />[blaʥ] | |||
|} | |||
¹ In the time of Gothic and Griutungi, the phonotactics of the language was such that voiced stops only occurred word-finally after a liquid. The exact nature of ⟨g⟩ is entirely speculative, but this interpretation assumes that it was a voiced stop. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| No | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory: | |||
| (''unchanged'') | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| p | |||
|width=25| t | |||
|width=25| k | |||
|width=25| kw | |||
|width=25| b | |||
|width=25| d | |||
|width=25| g | |||
|width=25| gw | |||
|width=25| hw | |||
|width=25| f | |||
|width=25| þ | |||
|width=25| s | |||
|width=25| z | |||
|width=25| x | |||
|width=25| h | |||
|width=25| m | |||
|width=25| n | |||
|width=25| l | |||
|width=25| r | |||
|width=25| j | |||
|width=25| w | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n || l || r || j || w | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w | |||
|] | |||
|} | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| i | |||
|width=25| e | |||
|width=25| a | |||
|width=25| o | |||
|width=25| u | |||
|width=25| ī | |||
|width=25| ē | |||
|width=25| ǣ | |||
|width=25| ā | |||
|width=25| ǭ | |||
|width=25| ō | |||
|width=25| ū | |||
|width=25| iu | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| i || e || a || o || u | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| iw | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| ɪʊ̯ | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Changes to Geminate Obstruents=== | ===Changes to Geminate Obstruents=== | ||
===Changes to Geminate Nasals I=== | ===Changes to Geminate Nasals I=== | ||