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Phonological history of Valthungian: Difference between revisions
→Changes to Geminate Nasals I
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===Changes to Geminate Nasals I=== | ===Changes to Geminate Nasals I=== | ||
Part of a major change to all geminate consonants in the language that occur around 700ᴀᴅ. We’ll deal with each change separately here. | |||
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | |||
!colspan=2 width=1200 style="text-align: left;"|700ᴀᴅ: Nasals are Degeminated | |||
|- | |||
!width=150 style="text-align: right;"| Type: | |||
|width=1050| Phonemic | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Rule: | |||
| <span style="font-family: monospace;">'''Cː[+son][+nas] → C[-son][-nas][-cnt][-vox]C '''</span><br /> | |||
''“The first consonant of a nasal geminate becomes an unvoiced stop in the same place of articulation.”'' | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Exhaustive: | |||
| mm → pm<br />nn → tn | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Examples: | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!width=100| | |||
!width=150| ‘swim’ | |||
!width=150| ‘know how’ | |||
!width=150| ‘that.ᴅᴀᴛ’ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| PGmc: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''swemmaną''<br />[swemmanã] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''kunnaną''<br />[kunnanã] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þammai''<br />[θammai̯] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Goth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''swimman''<br />[swɪmman] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kunnan''<br />[kʊnnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þamma''<br />[θamma] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Griut: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''swimman ''<br />[swɪmman] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''kunnan''<br />[kʊnnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| *''þamma''<br />[θamma] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; background: #FFDDDD;"| Rule: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''swipman ''<br />[swɪpman] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''kutnan''<br />[kʊtnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFDDDD;"| *''þapma''<br />[θapma] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| OldVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| *''svipman''<br />[swɪpman] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''kutnan''<br />[kʊtnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center; background: #FFFFDD;"| ''þapma''<br />[θapma] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| MidVal: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''switmɴ''<br />[swɪtmn̩] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kutnɴ''<br />[kʊtnn̩] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þatma''<br />[θatmə] | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Valth: | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''switman''<br />[switman] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''kutnan''<br />[kutnan] | |||
|style="text-align: center;"| ''þatma''<br />[θatma] | |||
|} | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right;"| Limit: | |||
| 1100ᴀᴅ | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Persistence: | |||
| Persistent until at least Late Old Valthungian, evidenced by Latin geminates undergoing the process after the Old Valthungian period. The resulting pm sequences resulting from mm later undergo shift to tm during the Early Middle Valthungian period. | |||
|- | |||
!style="text-align: right; vertical-align: text-top;"| Phonemic Inventory: | |||
| (''unchanged'') Phonotactics no longer allow geminate sequences. | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| p | |||
|width=25| t | |||
|width=25| k | |||
|width=25| kw | |||
|width=25| b | |||
|width=25| d | |||
|width=25| g | |||
|width=25| gw | |||
|width=25| hw | |||
|width=25| f | |||
|width=25| þ | |||
|width=25| s | |||
|width=25| z | |||
|width=25| x | |||
|width=25| h | |||
|width=25| m | |||
|width=25| n | |||
|width=25| l | |||
|width=25| r | |||
|width=25| j | |||
|width=25| w | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| p || t || k || kw || b || d || ɡ || ɡw || hw | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n || l || r || j || w | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| p~pʰ || t~tʰ || k~kʰ || kw~kʷ || b~β || d~ð || ɡ~ɣ || ɡw~ɡʷ || hw~hʷ~ʍ | |||
| ɸ || θ || s || z || x || h | |||
| m || n~ŋ || l || r~ɾ || j || w | |||
|] | |||
|} | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
{|| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
| ⟨ | |||
|width=25| i | |||
|width=25| e | |||
|width=25| a | |||
|width=25| o | |||
|width=25| u | |||
|width=25| ī | |||
|width=25| ē | |||
|width=25| ǣ | |||
|width=25| ā | |||
|width=25| ǭ | |||
|width=25| ō | |||
|width=25| ū | |||
|width=25| iu | |||
| ⟩ | |||
|- | |||
| / | |||
| i || e || a || o || u | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| iw | |||
| / | |||
|- | |||
| [ | |||
| ɪ || ɛ || a || ɔ || ʊ | |||
| iː || eː || ɛː || ɑː || ɔː || oː || uː | |||
| ɪʊ̯ | |||
| ] | |||
|} | |||
|} | |||
===Changes to Geminate Liquids=== | ===Changes to Geminate Liquids=== | ||
===Metathesis=== | ===Metathesis=== | ||