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Pomorian Eastern dialects: Difference between revisions

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Pomorian Eastern dialects (view source)

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*3 Does not appear in some dialects where it is plain [r] instead.
*3 Does not appear in some dialects where it is plain [r] instead.
*4 [w] occures after back vowels, while [ʋ] - after front ones. Some, mostly second-language speakers pronounce it as [v] (and [f] before voiceless consonants).
*4 [w] occures after back vowels, while [ʋ] - after front ones. Some, mostly second-language speakers pronounce it as [v] (and [f] before voiceless consonants).
===Prosody===
Unlike Western Pomorian dialects and the standard Suvilkian developed a quantitative stress. It has only two types of stress - long and short which are phonemic only in diphthongs. It merged circumflex and grave into the short accent, while acute became the long accent. For example ''gèidz̗uo'' (to a tit) and ''géidz̗uo'' (to a whistle). However, sometimes the place of stress is different from the standard, being usually more regular and predictable.
==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====First declension====
====First declension====
'''-e (masculine), -a (feminine), -o (neuter)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=2| ròge = horn
! colspan=2| galvà = head
! colspan=2| màŗo = sea
|-
!
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|ròg'''e''' ||rog'''ì'''
|galv'''à''' ||gàlv'''ā'''
|màŗ'''o''' ||maŗ'''ā́'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|ròg'''ā'''  ||rog'''ų́'''
|galv'''ā́''' ||galv'''ų́'''
|màŗ'''ā''' ||maŗ'''ų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|ròg'''uo'''  ||rog'''òm'''
|gàlv'''ē''' ||galv'''ā́m'''
|màŗ'''u''' ||maŗ'''òm'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|ròg'''o''' ||rog'''ā́'''
|gàlv'''ą''' ||gàlv'''e'''
|màŗ'''o''' ||màŗ'''e'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|rog'''um''' ||rog'''àmy'''
|gàlv'''o''' ||galv'''ā́my'''
|màŗ'''om''' ||maŗ'''àmy'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|ròdž'''ie''' ||rog'''èihu'''
|galv'''ḗ''' ||galv'''ā́su'''
|maŗ'''è''' ||maŗ'''ā́su'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|rodž'''ḗ''' ||rodž'''ī́'''
|gàlv'''a''' ||gàlv'''ā'''
|màŗ'''a''' ||màŗ'''ā'''
|-
|}
====Second declension====
'''-y (masculine), -i (feminine)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=2| zvērỳ = mammal
! colspan=2| ųgnì = fire
|-
!
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|zvēr'''ì''' ||zvḗŗ'''ȳ'''
|ųgn'''ì''' ||ųgņ'''ī́'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|zvēr'''ȳ́'''  ||zvēŗ'''ų́'''
|ųgn'''ī́''' ||ųgņ'''ų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|zvḗr'''ē'''  ||zvēr'''ỳm'''
|ųgņ'''ḗ''' ||ųgņ'''ìm'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|zvḗr'''į''' ||zvēŗ'''į'''
|ųgn'''į́''' ||ųgņ'''į́'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|zvēr'''ym''' ||zvēr'''ỳmy'''
|ųgņ'''ò''' ||ųgņ'''ìmy'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|zvēr'''ḗ''' ||zvēr'''ỳhu'''
|ųgņ'''ḗ''' ||ųgņ'''ìhu'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|zvēr'''ī́''' ||zvēr'''ȳ́'''
|ųgņ'''ī́''' ||ųgņ'''ī́'''
|-
|}
====Third declension====
'''-u (masculine)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=2| sūnù = son
! colspan=2| ledù = ice
|-
!
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|sūn'''ù''' ||sū́n'''ū'''
|led'''ù''' ||lèd'''ū'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|sūn'''ṓ'''  ||sūn'''ų́'''
|led'''ṓ''' ||led'''ų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|sū́n'''uo'''  ||sūn'''ū́m'''
|lèd'''uo''' ||led'''ū́m'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|sū́n'''ų''' ||sū́n'''ų'''
|lèd'''ų''' ||lèd'''ų'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|sūn'''ùm''' ||sūn'''ùmy'''
|led'''ùm''' ||led'''ùmy'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|sūn'''ṓ''' ||sūn'''ùhu'''
|led'''ṓ''' ||led'''ùhu'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|sūn'''ṓ''' ||sū́n'''uo'''
|led'''ṓ''' ||lèd'''uo'''
|-
|}
====Fourth declension====
'''-yu (feminine)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=3| brýu = eyebrow
|-
!
!singular
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|br'''ýu''' ||br'''ùvȳ'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|br'''uvȳ́''' ||br'''uvų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|br'''uvī́''' ||br'''uvỳm'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|br'''ùvų''' ||br'''ùvų'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|br'''ùve''' ||br'''uvỳmy'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|br'''uvíe''' ||br'''uvỳhu'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|br'''ùvī''' ||br'''ùvȳ'''
|-
|}
====Fifth declension====
'''-n, -t, -s, -r (feminine, neuter)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=2| alę́ = deer
! colspan=2| akmę́ = stone
|-
!
!singular
!plural
!singular
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|al'''ę́''' ||al'''ènā'''
|akm'''ę́''' ||àkm'''enā'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|al'''ènī''' ||al'''ènų'''
|akm'''enī́''' ||akm'''enų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|al'''ènī''' ||al'''ènym'''
|àkm'''enī''' ||akm'''enỳm'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|al'''ènį''' ||al'''ènį'''
|àkm'''enį''' ||àkm'''enį'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|al'''ènim''' ||al'''ènimy'''
|àkm'''enim''' ||akm'''enìmy'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|al'''ènie''' ||al'''ènihu'''
|akm'''eniè''' ||akm'''enìhu'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|al'''ènī''' ||al'''ènā'''
|akm'''enī́''' ||àkm'''enā'''
|-
|}
===Verbs===
=====Indicative mood=====
'''Present tense'''
This tense describe present or ongoing events without a definite time. Conjugation types are marked with numbers.
{|class=wikitable collapsible collapsed style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=1| '''1'''
! colspan=1| '''2a'''
! colspan=1| '''2b'''
! colspan=1| '''3'''
! colspan=1| '''4'''
|-
!
!'''vèsti - to lead'''
!'''zynā́ti - to know'''
!'''catįti - to wish for something'''
!'''mȳļíeti - to love'''
!'''bū́ti - to be'''
|-
|align="right"|'''I'''
|ved'''ò''' ||zyn'''ā́jo''' ||cat'''ỳņo''' ||mȳ́ļ'''o''' ||'''asmì'''
|-
|align="right"|'''You (singular)'''
|ved'''ḗ'''  ||zyn'''ā́jē''' ||cat'''ỳņē''' ||mȳ́ļ'''ē''' ||'''asì'''
|-
|align="right" |'''He/She/It'''
|vèd'''a'''  ||zyn'''ā́ja''' ||cat'''ỳņa''' ||mȳ́ļ'''e''' ||'''àst'''
|-
|align="right"|'''We'''
|ved'''àmo''' ||zyn'''ā́jamo''' ||cat'''ỳņamo''' ||mȳ́ļ'''emo''' ||'''asmò'''
|-
|align="right"|'''You (plural)'''
|ved'''àta''' ||zyn'''ā́jata''' ||cat'''ỳņata''' ||mȳ́ļ'''eta''' ||'''astà'''
|-
|align="right"|'''They'''
|vèd'''ą''' ||zyn'''ā́ją''' ||cat'''ỳną''' ||mȳ́ļ'''ą''' ||'''są́'''
|-
|}
'''Past tense'''
This is the basic tense to describe actions in the past. Like in Present tense the stress pattern of a verb is usually predictable.
{|class=wikitable collapsible collapsed style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=1| '''1'''
! colspan=1| '''2a'''
! colspan=1| '''2b'''
! colspan=1| '''3'''
! colspan=1| '''4'''
|-
!
!'''vèsti - to lead'''
!'''zynā́ti - to know'''
!'''catįti - to wish for something'''
!'''mȳļíeti - to love'''
!'''bū́ti - to be'''
|-
|align="right"|'''I'''
|ved'''ù''' ||zyn'''ā́ju''' ||cat'''ỳnu''' ||mȳļíej'''u''' ||'''buvù'''
|-
|align="right"|'''You (singular)'''
|ved'''ī́'''  ||zyn'''ā́jī''' ||cat'''ỳņī''' ||mȳļíej'''ī''' ||'''buvì'''
|-
|align="right" |'''He/She/It'''
|ved'''íe'''  ||zyn'''ā́je''' ||cat'''ỳņe''' ||mȳļíej'''e''' ||'''býu'''
|-
|align="right"|'''We'''
|ved'''ā́m''' ||zyn'''ā́jām''' ||cat'''ỳņām''' ||mȳļíej'''ām''' ||'''bùvām'''
|-
|align="right"|'''You (plural)'''
|ved'''íet''' ||zyn'''ā́jet''' ||cat'''ỳņet''' ||mȳļíej'''et''' ||'''bùvāt'''
|-
|align="right"|'''They'''
|ved'''ę́''' ||zyn'''ā́ję''' ||cat'''ỳnę''' ||mȳļíej'''ę''' ||'''bùvę'''
|-
|}
'''Future tense'''


A new synthetic future tense came from an extension of "n-verb forms" of Old Pomorian. It is the only dialect having such a way of representing future tense.
{|class=wikitable collapsible collapsed style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=1| '''1'''
! colspan=1| '''2a'''
! colspan=1| '''2b'''
! colspan=1| '''3'''
! colspan=1| '''4'''
|-
!
!'''vèsti - to lead'''
!'''zynā́ti - to know'''
!'''catįti - to wish for something'''
!'''mȳļíeti - to love'''
!'''bū́ti - to be'''
|-
|align="right"|'''I'''
|ved'''anò''' ||zyn'''ā́jno''' ||cat'''ỳņano''' ||mȳļíej'''no''' ||'''bunò'''
|-
|align="right"|'''You (singular)'''
|ved'''anḗ'''  ||zyn'''ā́jnē''' ||cat'''ỳņanē''' ||mȳļíej'''nē''' ||'''bunḗ'''
|-
|align="right" |'''He/She/It'''
|vèd'''aņa'''  ||zyn'''ā́jņa''' ||cat'''ỳņaņa''' ||mȳļíej'''ņa''' ||'''bùņa'''
|-
|align="right"|'''We'''
|ved'''anamò''' ||zyn'''ā́jnamo''' ||cat'''ỳņanamo''' ||mȳļíej'''ņamo''' ||'''bunamò'''
|-
|align="right"|'''You (plural)'''
|ved'''anatà''' ||zyn'''ā́jnata''' ||cat'''ỳņanata''' ||mȳļíej'''ņata''' ||'''bunatà'''
|-
|align="right"|'''They'''
|ved'''aną́''' ||zyn'''ā́jną''' ||cat'''ỳņaną''' ||mȳļíej'''ną''' ||'''buną́'''
|-
|}


[[Category:Pamarėska]]
[[Category:Pamarėska]]
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