Pomorian North-Western dialects: Difference between revisions

The North-Western group is a dialectal group of the Pomorian language spoken mostly in the eastern part of [[w:Puck County|Puck County]] and in [[w:Rumia|Rumina]], [[w:Reda, Poland|Reda]] and [[w:Gmina Wejherowo|Weiherinå]] gminas (which are the western part of Pomorze wschodnie in Poland). It is often referred to as '''pamarėska uzskądoja''' (Western Pomorian), sometimes also as '''pumurėlina guora/galba''' and is considered being a separate language by its native speakers.

Western dialects started diverging from Old Pomorian approximately in the VIth-VIIth century, which is a very long time for a dialect. It came from lands in between [[w:Masuria|Masuria]] and Ziemia lubawska and slowly migrated to its current lands by the end of the XIII century. During this time Western Pomorians came into contact with slavic Pomeranians and their dialect was influenced by [[w:Slovincian language|Slovincian]] and [[w:Kashubian language|Kashubian]] spoken there. A partial assimilation with those peoples gave birth to Northern and South-Western dialects.

The Western dialect has a [[w:Pitch accent (intonation)|pitch-accent]] while Northern has lost it gaining a fixed initial stress as in German. The Western dialect has the same accent types as in the standard: the falling accent - ''tvírdagalså'' - which can be long - ''dìlgå'' (marked with an acute) - or short - ''cẽrtå'' (marked with a grave) and the rising accent - ''lìkugalså'' (marked with a circumflex or a tilde). However in some words with the rising accent in the standard there is a falling accent (''tvirdagalså'') while ''tvirdagalså certå'' can be retracted to a previous syllable. For example ''dąbù'' (oak) is ''dǻmbu'' in Western dialect and ''doambu'' in Northern.

! colspan=3| mariå̀ = sea

|màrj'''å''' ||màrj'''ė''' ||marj'''ó'''

|màrj'''o''' ||marj'''uõ''' ||marj'''ų́'''

|màrj'''ou''' ||marj'''àmu''' ||màrj'''am'''

|màrj'''ą''' ||màrj'''ė''' ||màrj'''e'''

|màrj'''åm''' ||mar'''àmu''' ||marj'''amy͂'''

|marj'''ėjė͂''' ||màrj'''uõ''' ||màrj'''os'''

|màrj'''a''' ||màrj'''ė''' ||màrj'''o'''

|el'''ènė''' ||el'''ènuo''' ||el'''ènich'''

|imn'''enė́''' ||imn'''enuõ''' ||ìmn'''enich'''

|tel'''ę́tė''' ||tel'''ę́tuo''' ||tel'''ę́tich'''

|kakl'''erė́''' ||kakl'''esuõ''' ||kàkl'''esich'''

|brót'''erė''' ||brót'''eruo''' ||brót'''erich'''

*'''The fifth''' conjugation contains few old athematic and auxillary verbs. Almost all of these verbs are irregular.

=====Indicative mood=====

|ved'''ès'''  ||zin'''ójes''' ||sod'''ìnes''' ||zõď'''es''' ||krýk'''nes''' ||mù'''jes''' ||'''esì'''

|imū́huo

|imū́šei

The usage of this tense was found in Gdańsk chronics from the early XVth century. It mentioned that peasants had almost no crops and asked God to give them some food to eat, but God refused to give the food because those people were pagans unlike christian Germans who lived in the city. They said: ''Hleiban dādēšēimes. Dāi nāme eī sin deinin!'' (You gave us bread (before). Give us (it) this day too!). In modern Pomorian this would be: ''Hlėbå nome buvei dovušu. Doďi nomu ji šį dienį!'' It's not known whether this event really happened or it was a story created to encourage local people converting into christianity.  

 

'''Compound tenses'''

Compound tenses and moods are the same as in the Pomorian proper, but North-Western dialects have some additional ones. Here only the additional moods are listed: frequentative (expresses repeating actions), conditional (represents events happening under some conditions), desiderative (expresses wishes and desires). All of them use a verb ''būti'', ''imti'' (usually to express necessity) or ''vilti/cesti'' (in desiderative) and a respectful participle (using supine or infintive instead is also possible in North-Western and in Eastern dialects it's the only way to use these moods).

Like the standard Pomorian the Pomerellian dialect has a lot of participles. In fact it has even more types of them, 16 in total. But sometimes an adjectival and its correspondent adverbial participles are counted as a single type (with adjectival and adverbial endings). Every adjectival participle can decline for case, number and gender. These types are:

# active present adjectival

# active past adjectival

# passive present adjectival

# passive past adjectival

# the l-participle (active perfect)

# the t-participle (passive perfect)

# the nť-participle (active present continuous adjectival)

# the š-participle (active past continuous)

# present frequentative (the duo-participle)

# past frequentative (the (d)vol-participle)

# necessitative (the int-participle)

# active present adverbial

# active past adverbial

# passive present adverbial

# passive past adverbial

# conditional (adverbial only)