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Pomorian North-Western dialects: Difference between revisions

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Pomorian North-Western dialects (view source)

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The Western dialect has a [[w:Pitch accent (intonation)|pitch-accent]] while Northern has lost it gaining a fixed initial stress as in German. The Western dialect has the same accent types as in the standard: the falling accent - ''tvírdagalså'' - which can be long - ''dìlgå'' (marked with an acute) - or short - ''cẽrtå'' (marked with a grave) and the rising accent - ''lìkugalså'' (marked with a circumflex or a tilde). However in some words with the rising accent in the standard there is a falling accent (''tvirdagalså'') while ''tvirdagalså certå'' can be retracted to a previous syllable. For example ''dąbù'' (oak) is ''dǻmbu'' in Western dialect and ''doambu'' in Northern.
The Western dialect has a [[w:Pitch accent (intonation)|pitch-accent]] while Northern has lost it gaining a fixed initial stress as in German. The Western dialect has the same accent types as in the standard: the falling accent - ''tvírdagalså'' - which can be long - ''dìlgå'' (marked with an acute) - or short - ''cẽrtå'' (marked with a grave) and the rising accent - ''lìkugalså'' (marked with a circumflex or a tilde). However in some words with the rising accent in the standard there is a falling accent (''tvirdagalså'') while ''tvirdagalså certå'' can be retracted to a previous syllable. For example ''dąbù'' (oak) is ''dǻmbu'' in Western dialect and ''doambu'' in Northern.
==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Nouns===
North-Western Pomorian nouns decline in a similar way to the standard patterns. The main difference is a dual number being fully present in every declension and not just as a relics as in the Pomorian proper.  Nouns have seven cases: '''Nominative''', '''Genitive''', '''Dative''', '''Accusative''', '''Instrumental''', '''Locative''' and '''Vocative'''.
====First declension====
'''-e (masculine), -a (feminine), -å (neuter)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=3| gróde = hail
! colspan=3| galvà = head
! colspan=3| mariå̀ = sea
|-
!
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|gród'''e''' ||gród'''a''' ||gród'''ė'''
|galv'''à''' ||gãlv'''ė''' ||gãlv'''o'''
|màrj'''å''' ||màrj'''ė''' ||marj'''ó'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|gród'''o''' ||gród'''uo''' ||gród'''ų'''
|galv'''ó''' ||galv'''óu''' ||galv'''ų́'''
|màrj'''o''' ||marj'''uõ''' ||marj'''ų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|gród'''ou''' ||gród'''umu''' ||gród'''am'''
|gãlv'''ei''' ||galv'''ómu''' ||gàlv'''om'''
|màrj'''ou''' ||marj'''àmu''' ||màrj'''am'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|gród'''ą''' ||gród'''a''' ||gród'''u'''
|gãlv'''ą''' ||gàlv'''ė''' ||gãlv'''e'''
|màrj'''ą''' ||màrj'''ė''' ||màrj'''e'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|gród'''um''' ||gród'''umu''' ||gród'''ėmy'''
|gãlv'''ają''' ||gãlv'''ómu''' ||galv'''omy͂'''
|màrj'''åm''' ||mar'''àmu''' ||marj'''amy͂'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|gród'''ė''' ||gród'''uo''' ||gród'''ėch'''
|gàlv'''ojė''' ||gãlv''ou''' ||gãlv'''os'''
|marj'''ėjė͂''' ||màrj'''uõ''' ||màrj'''os'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|gród'''ei''' ||gród'''a''' ||gród'''ė'''
|gãlv'''a''' ||gãlv'''ė''' ||gãlv'''o'''
|màrj'''a''' ||màrj''ė''' ||màrj'''o'''
|-
|}
====Second declension====
'''-i (masculine), -i (feminine)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=3| zvėrì = mammal
! colspan=3| ugnì = fire
|-
!
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|zvėr'''ì''' ||zvė́r'''i''' ||zvė́r'''ije'''
|ugn'''ì''' ||ugn'''ì''' ||ugn'''ý'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|zvėr'''ý''' ||zvėr'''iuõ''' ||zvėr'''ijų́'''
|ugn'''ý''' ||ugn'''iúo''' ||ugn'''ių́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|zvė́r'''iui''' ||zvėr'''ìmu''' ||zvėr'''ìm'''
|ugn'''éi''' ||ugn'''ìmu''' ||ugn'''ìm'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|zvė́r'''į''' ||zvė́r'''i''' ||zvė͂r'''į'''
|ugn'''į́''' ||ugn'''ì''' ||ugn'''į́'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|zvė́r'''im''' ||zvėr'''ìmu''' ||zvėr'''imy͂'''
|ugn'''ìją''' ||ugn'''ìmu''' ||ugn'''ìmy'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|zvėr'''ie͂''' ||zvėr'''iuõ''' ||zvė́r'''ich'''
|ugn'''ýjė''' ||ugn'''iúo''' ||ugn'''ìch'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|zvė́r'''ie''' ||zvė́r'''i''' ||zvėr'''ie͂'''
|ugn'''ý''' ||ugn'''ì''' ||ugn'''ý'''
|-
|}
====Third declension====
'''-u (masculine, neuter)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=3| sūnù = son
! colspan=3| ledù = ice
|-
!
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|sūn'''ù''' ||sū́n'''ū''' ||sū͂n'''ave'''
|led'''ù''' ||lèd'''ū''' ||le͂d'''ū'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|sūn'''uõ''' ||sūn'''óu''' ||sū́n'''avų'''
|led'''uõ''' ||led'''óu''' ||led'''ų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|sū́n'''ave''' ||sūn'''ùmu''' ||sūn'''ùm'''
|lèd'''ou''' ||led'''ùmu''' ||led'''ùm'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|sū͂n'''ų''' ||sū́n'''ū''' ||sū͂n'''ų'''
|le͂d'''ų''' ||lèd'''ū''' ||le͂d'''ų'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|sū́n'''um''' ||sūn'''ùmu''' ||sūn'''umy͂'''
|lèd'''um''' ||led'''ùmu''' ||led'''umy͂'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|sūn'''óu''' ||sūn'''óu''' ||sū́n'''uch'''
|led'''ùju''' ||led'''óu''' ||lèd'''uch'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|sūn'''uõ''' ||sū́n'''ū''' ||sū͂n'''ave'''
|led'''uõ''' ||lèd'''ū''' ||le͂d'''ū'''
|-
|}
====Fourth declension====
'''-ū (feminine)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=3| brū͂ = eyebrow
|-
!
!singular
!dual
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|br'''ū͂''' ||br'''ùvi''' ||br'''ùvy'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|br'''uvý'''  ||br'''ùvuo''' ||br'''uvų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|br'''uvė́'''  ||br'''uvìmu''' ||br'''ùvim'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|br'''ùvų''' ||br'''ùvi''' ||br'''ùvų'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|br'''ùve''' ||br'''uvìmu''' ||br'''uvimy͂'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|br'''uvė́''' ||br'''ùvuo''' ||br'''ùvich'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|br'''ùvy''' ||br'''ùvi''' ||br'''ùvy'''
|-
|}
====Fifth declension====
'''*-n (feminine), *-n (neuter)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=3| elū́ = deer
! colspan=3| ìmnę = name
|-
!
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|el'''ū́''' ||el'''èni''' ||el'''èny'''
|ìmn'''ę''' ||imn'''èni''' ||imn'''enè'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|el'''èny''' ||el'''ènuo''' ||el'''ènų'''
|imn'''ený''' ||imn'''enuõ''' ||imn'''enų́'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|el'''èniė''' ||el'''ènimu''' ||el'''ènim'''
|ìmn'''enė''' ||imn'''ènimu''' ||imn'''enìm'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|el'''ènį''' ||el'''èni''' ||el'''ènį'''
|ìmn'''enį''' ||imn'''èni''' ||ìmn'''enį'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|el'''ène''' ||el'''ènimu''' ||el'''ènimy'''
|ìmn'''enim''' ||imn'''ènimu''' ||imn'''enimy͂'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|el'''ènė''' ||el'''ènuo''' ||el'''ènich'''
|imn'''enė́''' ||imn'''enuõ''' ||ìmn'''enich'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|el'''ène''' ||el'''èni''' ||el'''èny'''
|ìmn'''ene''' ||ìmn'''eni''' ||ìmn'''enė'''
|-
|}
====Sixth declension====
'''*-t, *-s *-r (neuter, feminine), bróti (-r, masculine)'''
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
!
! colspan=3| telę́ = calf
! colspan=3| kãkla = wheel
! colspan=3|bróti = brother
|-
!
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
!singular
!dual
!plural
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|tel'''ę́''' ||tel'''ę́ti''' ||tel'''ę́te'''
|kãkl'''a''' ||kãkl'''esi''' ||kakl'''esè'''
|brót'''i''' ||brót'''eri''' ||brót'''erė'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|tel'''ę́ty''' ||tel'''ę́tuo''' ||tel'''ę́tų'''
|kãkl'''esy''' ||kakl'''esuõ''' ||kakl'''esų́'''
|brót'''ery''' ||brót'''eruo''' ||brót'''erų'''
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|tel'''ę́tė''' ||tel'''ę́timu''' ||tel'''ę́tim'''
|kãkl'''esė''' ||kakl'''esĩmu''' ||kakl'''esìm'''
|brót'''erė''' ||brót'''erimu''' ||brót'''erim'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|tel'''ę́tį''' ||tel'''ę́ti''' ||tel'''ę́tį'''
|kãkl'''esį''' ||kãkl'''esi''' ||kàkl'''esį'''
|brót'''erį''' ||brót'''eri''' ||brót'''esį'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|tel'''ę́tim''' ||tel'''ę́timu''' ||tel'''ę́timy'''
|kãkl'''esim''' ||kakl'''esĩmu''' ||kakl'''esimy͂'''
|brót'''erim''' ||brót'''erimu''' ||brót'''esimy'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Locative'''
|tel'''ę́tė''' ||tel'''ę́tuo''' ||tel'''ę́tich'''
|kakl'''erė́''' ||kakl'''esuõ''' ||kàkl'''esich'''
|brót'''erė''' ||brót'''eruo''' ||brót'''erich'''
|-
|align="right"|'''Vocative'''
|tel'''ę́tie''' ||tel'''ę́ti''' ||tel'''ę́tė'''
|kakl'''ese͂''' ||kàkl'''esi''' ||kakl'''esė́'''
|brót'''ere''' ||brót'''eri''' ||brót'''erė'''
|-
|}


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