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:[[Pradiul/Swadesh list]]
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|image =  
|image =  
Line 4: Line 6:
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename =  
|nativename=Γtiϝἀρ<br/>''Pradiul''
|pronunciation=   
|pronunciation=   
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region =  
|region = Talma
|familycolor=tergetic
|familycolor=tergetic
|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
|fam1=[[Lakovic languages|Lakovic]]
|script=Windermere script
|fam2=Ashanic
|script={{PAGENAME}} script
|iso3=
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}


'''Pradjul''' is a [[Verse:Tricin/Txapoalli|Txapoallian]] language inspired by Slavic languages and Khmer.  
'''Pradiul''' (temporary name) is a minority [[Tergetian]] language of Talma inspired by Khmer and my ([[User:IlL]]'s) Germanic conlang [[Thedish]]. It is a descendant of [[Naeng/Classical|Classical Naeng]], and it belongs to the [[Anbirese]]-[[Ciètian]] sprachbund.
==Gibberish==
 
Numbers: dån, riat, stiev, smiåχ, miuc, tiaχ, båθ, szep, laj, þiaf, saju, sriuχ
 
Mariet ri mie Ven Dami = I live in Wen Dămea
 
==Diachronics==
a e i o u ü ah eh ih oh uh üh > ia e ie a o io iå y i å u iu


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
===Consonants===
|+ '''Consonant phonemes of Pradjul'''
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
! colspan="2" | Postalveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
! colspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|pal.}}
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|pal.}}
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|pal.}}
! {{small|pal.}}
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|pal.}}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"|  
| '''m''' m || '''mj''' mʲ
!colspan="2" | Labial
| '''n''' n̪ || '''nj''' nʲ
!colspan="2" | Dental
| ||
!colspan="2" | Alveolar
| '''ŋj''' ɲ || '''ŋ''' ŋ
!colspan="2" | Postalveolar
| ||
!colspan="2" | Velar
!rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Stop
! <small>hard</small>
! | <small>plain</small>
! <small>soft</small>
| '''p''' p || '''pj''' pʲ
! <small>hard</small>
| '''t''' t̪ || '''tj''' tʲ
! <small>soft</small>
|  ||
! <small>hard</small>
| '''kj''' c || '''k''' k
! <small>soft</small>
| '''ʔ''' ʔ || '''ʔj''' ʔʲ
! <small>hard</small>
! <small>soft</small>
! <small>soft</small>
! <small>hard</small>
|-
|-
! | <small>implosive</small>
!colspan="2"| Nasal
| '''b''' ɓ || '''bj''' ɓʲ
| '''m''' {{IPA|m}} || '''mi''' {{IPA|mʲ}}
| '''d''' ɗ || '''dj''' ɗʲ
| '''n''' {{IPA|n̪}} || '''ni''' {{IPA|nʲ}}
|
|
| ||
| ||
| '''ņi''' {{IPA|ɲ}} || '''ņ''' {{IPA|ŋ}}
|
|-
!rowspan="3" | Stop
!<small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' {{IPA|p}} || '''pi''' {{IPA|pʲ}}
| '''t''' {{IPA|t̪}} || '''ti''' {{IPA|tʲ}} 
|
|
| ||
| ||
| '''ki''' {{IPA|c}}|| '''k''' {{IPA|k}}
| {{IPA|ʔ}}
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' {{IPA|b}} || '''bi''' {{IPA|bʲ}}
| '''d''' {{IPA|d̪}} || '''di''' {{IPA|dʲ}}
|
|
| ||
| ||
| '''gi''' {{IPA|ɟ}} || '''g''' {{IPA|g}}
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Affricate
!<small>aspirated</small>
| colspan="2" |
|||
| '''c''' t̪s̪ || '''cj''' tsʲ
| '''θ''' {{IPA|tʰ}} || '''θi''' {{IPA|tʰʲ}}
| '''č''' tʂ || '''čj''' tɕ
|
|
| ||
| ||  
| ||  
| ||
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Fricative
!colspan="2" | Affricate
! {{small|voiceless}}
| ||
| '''f''' f || '''fj''' fʲ
| '''c''' {{IPA|ts}} || '''ci''' {{IPA|tɕ}}
| '''s''' s̪ || '''sj''' sʲ
|
| '''š''' ʂ || '''šj''' ɕ
|
| '''xj, hj''' ç || '''x''' x
| '''cz''' {{IPA|tʂ}} || '''czi''' {{IPA|tʃ}}
| '''h''' h ||
| ||  
|
|-
|-
! {{small|voiced}}
!colspan="2"|Fricative
| rowspan="2" | '''v''' v || rowspan="2" | '''vj''' vʲ
| '''f''' {{IPA|f}} || '''fi''' {{IPA|fʲ}}
| colspan="2" |
| ||
| colspan="2" |
| '''s''' {{IPA|s}} || '''si''' {{IPA|ɕ}}
| ||
| '''sz''' {{IPA|ʂ}} || '''szi''' {{IPA|ʃ}}
| ||
| '''chi''' {{IPA|ç}}
| '''ch''' {{IPA|x}}
| '''h''' {{IPA|h}}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Approximant
!colspan=2| Resonant
| '''l''' ɫ̪
| '''v''' {{IPA|v}} || '''vi''' {{IPA|vʲ}}
| '''lj''' lʲ
| '''l''' {{IPA|ɫ}} || '''li''' {{IPA|lʲ}}
| colspan="2" |
| '''r''' {{IPA|ɾ}} || '''ri''' {{IPA|ɾʲ}}
| '''y''' j ||  
| ||
|-
! colspan="2" | Trill
| colspan="2" |
| '''r''' r || '''rj''' rʲ
| colspan="2" |
| ||
| ||
| ||
| '''j''' {{IPA|j}}
|
|
|}
|}


Allowed finals: '''p t k m n ng l r y w h ʔ''' /p t k m n ŋ ɫ̪ r j w h ʔ/
Palatalization is neutralized for word-final consonants, however they assimilate to the palatalization of the next consonant: ''dån fniud'' [danʲ fʲnʲud] 'one day'. The only exception is word-final /v/ which is always [w].


'''f''' and '''fj''' are rare in native words.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
'''a/ia e/ie o/io å/iå y/i u/iu''' /a e o u i u/
|+ '''Vowel phonemes'''
 
! rowspan="2" style=""|
'''å''' was a different vowel /oə~uə/ in the earliest days of written Pradiul, but has merged with '''u''' /u/ for all modern speakers.
! colspan="2" style="" |Front
 
! colspan="2" style="" |Central
Unstressed vowel: /ə/ (spelled '''a''' if nonpalatalizing and '''i''' if palatalizing)
! colspan="2" style="" |Back
 
|-
===Stress===
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
Stress is always final, as in Windermere.
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
===Phonotactics===
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
Zero and C are the only permitted word-final codas.
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
 
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small>
Here is a list (modulo palatalization) by type of cluster (some clusters may be listed more than once):
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small>
*Cl: pl, tl, cl, kl, bl, gl, fl, chl, sl
|-
*Cr: pr, tr, cr, kr, br, dr, gr, fr, þr, chr, sr
! style="" |Close
*Cm: tm, þm, km, chm, sm
| '''i''' /i/
*Cn: fn, kn, chn, sn
| '''î''' /iː/
*Cņ: fņ, tņ, þņ, chņ, sņ
|
*Cv: tv, þv, kv, chv, gv, sv
|
*sC: sp, st, sk, sm, sn, sņ, sl, sr, sv
| '''u''' /u/
*chC: chm, chn, chņ, chl, chr
| '''û''' /uː/
 
|-
Voiced stops are not allowed to begin minor syllables in roots. This rule does not apply to proper names.
! style="" |Mid
==Script==
|
 
|
==Morphology==
| '''e''' /ə/
Similar to Talmic languages? Inflected prepositions, etc.
| '''ê''' /ə/
===Nouns===
|  
Like Modern Windermere, Pradiul has two articles, the definite article ''fie'' and the specific article ''sie'' (from demonstratives ''fie'' 'that' and ''sie'' 'this'; cognate to Windermere ''fi'' and ''se'' with the same meanings).
|
 
|-
Noun plurals are different from Windermere and use incopyfixation instead of a fixed affix: ''knol'' 'leaf', ''kalnol'' 'leaves'. (compare Windermere ''cnul'', pl. ''imcnul'')
! style="" |Open
 
|
===Verbs===
|
Verbs display split-ergativity like in [[Anbirese]] and [[Ciètian]].
| '''a''' /a/
 
| '''â''' /aː/
{{col-begin}}
|  
{{col-break}}
|
'''Intransitives'''
|}
 
:''Siåf fie paszå mie skiaθ codun.''
:go blow DEF wind LOC blow everywhere
:The wind is blowing everywhere.
 
:''Snakiaþ fie paszå codun.''
:{{angbr|PST}}blow DEF wind everywhere
:The wind blew everywhere.
{{col-break}}
'''Transitives'''
 
:''Siåf fie chmåp mie kmil.''
:go DEF people LOC vote
:The people are voting.
 
:''Ties, jin mong plafnane he fie chmåp chos fie nuplakå Bichand!''
:oh_no, 3SG.M REL {{angbr|PST}}elect ERG DEF people as DEF president Bjeheond
:Oh no, the people have elected *him* as president of Bjeheond!
{{col-end}}


Diphthongs: ia ua /iə uə/
===Prepositions===
Talmic-style inflected prepositions


==Grammar==
sza: to
Gender is masculine/feminine; follows natural gender for animates, arbitrary for inanimates
*szar, szasz, szan, szas, szaf, szac, szang, szaszam, szam


mie: at, in
*mier, miesz, mien, mies, mief, miec, mieng, miszam, miam


[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Trây]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
IlL
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