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== 1-25 ==
== Conlang Test Sentences ==


:; The sun shines.
=== 1-25 ===
:: sun(FOC) shines
:: shines sun
Both sentences are valid depending on the pragmatic intentions of the speaker. If the speaker is changing subjects, introducing new or unexpected information, or if they simply wish to draw attention to the subject, then it would be fronted before the verb. A more neutral construction is likely to place all actors after the verb. Also note that "sun" is not marked for definiteness.
:; The sun is shining.
:: shine stands sun
Proto-Alamic uses auxiliary verbs to mark certain aspects and tenses, in this case the verb for "to stand" can take on an auxiliary role to mark the progressive aspect.
:; The sun shone.
:: shine-PST sun
Certain tenses like the past tense can just be marked by a suffix.
:; The sun will shine.
:: shine needs sun
Other tenses, like the future tense, have no dedicated suffix and must rely on the use of an auxiliary verb, in this case the verb for "to need".
:; The sun has been shining.
:: shine stands sun
:: *shine stands stands.PST sun
Proto-Almaic has no dedicated construction to express the present perfect progressive. A dialectal, non-standard alternative is presented in the second sentence.
:; The sun is shining again.
:: shine again stands sun
:; The sun will shine tomorrow.
:: shine tomorrow needs sun
:; The sun shines brightly.
:: shine brightly sun
:; The sun is rising now.
:: rise now stands sun
Adverbs normally go immediately after the main verb, before auxiliares, if any are present.
:; The bright sun shines.
:: shine sun bright
Adjectives, like adverbs, go directly after the head that they modify
:; All the people shouted.
:: shout-PST all people
:; Some of the people shouted.
:: shout-PST some people
:; Many of the people shouted twice.
:: shout-PST twice some people
Determiners and numerals are normally found before the noun they modify
:; Happy people often shout.
:: shout often people happy
:: tend_to_do people happy shout
Unlike English, there is only one possible location for adverbs of frequency, as such the nuance of the chosen word order is lost. The second sentence is an altenative, more faithful but direct translation, it uses a serial verb construction to preserve the subject.
:; The kitten jumped up.
:: to jump-PST kitten above
:; The kitten jumped onto the table.
:: to jump-PST kitten on table
Preverbal adpositions are a common valency increasing strategy, normally used to promote the oblique object of an intransitive verb.
:; My little kitten walked away.
:: from go kitten little mine from
A particular construction result of such strategies is the repetition of the adposition as the object of the sentence, to indicate reflexivity. In this case, the sentence can be understood as "my little kitten wlaked away (from itself/where it was)"
:; It's working.
:: work stands
:; It's raining.
:: *rain stands
:: from rain stands from
Proto-Almaic allows the use of avalent verbs. However, weather expressions in particular tend to be rendered through preverbal adpositions and self-reference.
:; The rain came down.
:: from come rain above
An non-idiomatic translation using principles previously explained.
:; The kitten is playing in the rain.
:: play stands kitten under rain
Since the verb for play is a transitive verb taking a subject and a game, it cannot make use of preverbal adpositions to take a location, instead, a prepositional phrase must be used.
:; The rain has stopped.
:: stop-PST rain
As previously stated, Proto-Almaic has no dedicated constructions for perfect aspects. In their place, the simple past is used.
:; Soon the rain will stop.
:: stop soon needs rain.
No new insights gained from this expression
:; I hope the rain stops soon.
:: hope I stops soon rain
Verbs can easily be chained to form complex expressions.
:; Once wild animals lived here.
:: live-PST once here animals wild
:; Slowly she looked around.
:: *look slowly around she
:: to look she surroundings hers
Consecutive adverbs follow an order of time - manner - place. In the second example, the sentence is translated that way to illustrate the proper order, the proper translation for the sentence is shown afterwards.


== 26-50 ==
# ''The dog next door is dangerous.''
#:: ''door next dog the dangerous is''
#:: ''dog door next the dangerous is''
#: Head final, specifiers and complements go up-front, adjuncts can go either way
# ''The fridge is not empty, unless the repairman took the last beer.''
# ''Al is married to Betty's only daughter.''
# ''The red house is the house that Jack built.''
# ''Russell is not the only author of Principia Mathematica.''
# ''The person who shot JFK worked for the CIA.''
# ''If at least two people are great, then no one is the one great person.''
# ''Jeremy is Cory's oldest son.''
# ''All hail the king.''
# ''Nothing is the greatest positive integer.''
# ''The exam that every student failed is harder than the exam that every student passed.''
# ''If you can't be with the one you love, love the one you're with.''
# ''The coach of the basketball team is looking for the tallest student.''
# ''The king of Sweden's only son is married to one of Herbert's daughters.''
# ''Carla is the one freshman who aced every course in which she enrolled.''
# ''The CEO of IBM is the spouse of someone present.''
# ''Every human envies the human admired by every Vulcan.''
# ''The former president of the United States is the only American who knows the president of every country.''
# ''This is the dog that chased the cat that stalked the mouse that lived in the house that Jack built.''
# ''The square of the length of the hypotenuse of any right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of its base and vertical sides.''
# ''Bill hates George only if Pat hates Bill.''
# ''Being careful and diligent is necessary, but not sufficient for passing this course.''
# ''Some professors don't understand this problem.''
# ''Danny DeVito and ferocious lions and tigers are best avoided.''
# ''Lawyers and real estate agents are rich or obnoxious.''


:; Go away!
=== 26-50 ===
:: go you
:; Let's go!
:: go we
:; You should go.
:; I will be happy to go.
:: COP needs I happy go
:; He will arrive soon.
:; The baby's ball has rolled away.
:; The two boys are working together.
:; This mist will probably clear away.
:; Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.
:; We should eat more slowly.
:; You have come too soon.
:; You must write more neatly.
:; Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.
:; Henry's dog is lost.
:; My cat is black.
:; The little girl's doll is broken.
:; I usually sleep soundly.
:; The children ran after Jack.
:; I can play after school.
:; We went to the village for a visit.
:; We arrived at the river.
:; I have been waiting for you.
:; The campers sat around the fire.
:; A little girl with a kitten sat near me.
:; The child waited at the door for her father.


== 51-100 ==
# If all professors bore all of their students, then all professors are wasting their time.
# Some lion Bruce Willis is chasing is a formidable animal, but is not ferocious.
# The only students who pass are the ones who work.
# Only slackers fail if and only if the only unfair professors are on sabbatical.
# Someone is not respected by anyone.
# Any professor who is bored by everything bores all of his or her students.
# Some underpaid professors are also secretaries, and some overworked administrators are professors, but no administrator is a secretary.
# If a student and his or her professor bore each other, then both are wasting their time.
# The end is nigh.
# Everyone who respects oneself is respected by everyone who respects someone.
# Cicero is Tully
# Daniel is the only child of Jacob.
# Rebecca has at least two daughters.
# Cain was not his brother's keeper.
# Carl is the tallest man alive.
# The only pear left on the tree is rotten.
# There are exactly two primes between 10 and #
# Every affluent person owns at least two cars.
# At most one Richmonder will win the lottery.
# Every positive integer has exactly one successor.
# There are no more than two villains in Gotham.
# Batman and Robin are the only heros in Gotham.
# Kay respects everyone but herself.
# Everything is identical to something.
# Exactly one student respects every professor.
 
=== 51-75 ===
 
# No more than one professor is respected by every student.
# Aristotle and Descartes are the only philosophers who are smarter than all of their disciples.
# 2 is the only prime whose successor is prime.
# No one respects anyone who respects everyone but him or herself.
# Everyone who respects exactly one classmate is respected by exactly two classmates.
# Everyone except the king does not admire the king.
# The tallest and smallest men in the world both joined the circus.
# Exactly two goblins hate every wizard.
# The Queen of England is related to the King of Sweden.
# Not every country belongs to the U.N.
# The president of every country knows the president of every other country.
# The result of dividing the circumference of a circle by its diameter is equal to pi.
# No house has only one roach in it.
# The Queen of Hearts' only daughter is loved by exactly three suitors.
# At least two known terrorists are hated by everyone except themselves.
# The lord of the elves will cross the sea only if the lord of Mordor is defeated.
# Anyone who repsects someone who repsects the current president of the United States is not respected by at least one person.
# The wall from which Humpty Dumpty fell is not the Great Wall of China.
# The woman Argyle hoped to marry was the woman the man she hoped to marry hoped to marry.
# Something's happening here, and what it is ain't exactly clear.
# This is the boy who played with the toy that scared the frog that splashed the dog that chased the cat that ate the rat that killed the mouse that lived in the house that Jack built.
# Jihad Against Islam's Call for Jihad.
# Every human envies the human admired by every Vulcan.
# Someday the USA will elect a woman president, and it won't be pretty.
# Nothing is the greatest positive integer.
 
=== 76-80 ===
 
# Checkmate.
# Now that's a pretty little girls' school.
# They were attacking people, not peaceful people.
# "Bad hair day"
# If at least two people are great, then no one is the one great person.
 
== Syntax test cases ==
 
=== 1-25 ===
 
# The sun shines.
# The sun is shining.
# The sun shone.
# The sun will shine.
# The sun has been shining.
# The sun is shining again.
# The sun will shine tomorrow.
# The sun shines brightly.
# The sun is rising now.
# The bright sun shines.
# All the people shouted.
# Some of the people shouted.
# Many of the people shouted twice.
# Happy people often shout.
# The kitten jumped up.
# The kitten jumped onto the table.
# My little kitten walked away.
# It's working.
# It's raining.
# The rain came down.
# The kitten is playing in the rain.
# The rain has stopped.
# Soon the rain will stop.
# I hope the rain stops soon.
# Once wild animals lived here.
# Slowly she looked around.
 
=== 26-50 ===
 
# Go away!
# Let's go!
# You should go.
# I will be happy to go.
# He will arrive soon.
# The baby's ball has rolled away.
# The two boys are working together.
# This mist will probably clear away.
# Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.
# We should eat more slowly.
# You have come too soon.
# You must write more neatly.
# Directly opposite stands a wonderful palace.
# Henry's dog is lost.
# My cat is black.
# The little girl's doll is broken.
# I usually sleep soundly.
# The children ran after Jack.
# I can play after school.
# We went to the village for a visit.
# We arrived at the river.
# I have been waiting for you.
# The campers sat around the fire.
# A little girl with a kitten sat near me.
# The child waited at the door for her father.
 
=== 51-75 ===


# Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.
# Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.
Line 135: Line 182:
# Near the mouth of the river, its course turns sharply towards the East.
# Near the mouth of the river, its course turns sharply towards the East.
# Between the two lofty mountains lay a fertile valley.
# Between the two lofty mountains lay a fertile valley.
=== 76-100 ===
# Among the wheat grew tall red poppies.
# Among the wheat grew tall red poppies.
# The strong roots of the oak trees were torn from the ground.
# The strong roots of the oak trees were torn from the ground.
Line 161: Line 211:
# Is this the first kitten of the litter?
# Is this the first kitten of the litter?


== 101-150 ==
=== 101-125 ===


# Are these shoes too big for you?
# Are these shoes too big for you?
Line 188: Line 238:
# The baby clapped her hands and laughed in glee.
# The baby clapped her hands and laughed in glee.
# Stop your game and be quiet.
# Stop your game and be quiet.
=== 126-150 ===
# The sound of the drums grew louder and louder.
# The sound of the drums grew louder and louder.
# Do you like summer or winter better?
# Do you like summer or winter better?
Line 214: Line 267:
# We visited my uncle's village, the largest village in the world.
# We visited my uncle's village, the largest village in the world.


== 151-200 ==
=== 151-175 ===


# We learn something new each day.
# We learn something new each day.
Line 241: Line 294:
# Do it yourself.
# Do it yourself.
# I feel ashamed of myself.
# I feel ashamed of myself.
=== 176-200 ===
# Sit here by yourself.
# Sit here by yourself.
# The dress of the little princess was embroidered with roses, the national flower of the Country.
# The dress of the little princess was embroidered with roses, the national flower of the Country.
Line 267: Line 323:
# Play and I will sing.
# Play and I will sing.


== 201-218 ==
=== 201-218 ===


# That is the funniest story I ever heard.
# That is the funniest story I ever heard.
MIGUELbM
875

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