Proto-Dynic: Difference between revisions

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| ''*n-hur-si'' ('you are tall') → ''*nimekhur'' ('you make it tall')
| ''*n-hur-si'' ('you are tall') → ''*nimekhur'' ('you make it tall')
|}
|}
==== Conjugation ====
Proto-Dynic has a rich system of verbal suffixes.  Proto-Dynic verbs use [[w:Inflection|inflection]] for [[w:Linguistic modality|modal]] and [[w:Conjunction (grammar)|conjunctional]] purposes.  Other categories, such as [[w:Voice (grammar)|voice]], [[w:Grammatical tense|tense]], [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspect]] and [[w:Grammatical mood|mood]], are expressed using optional suffixed [[w:Auxiliary verb|auxiliaries]], which are also inflected.  There are six [[w:Principle parts|principle parts]] from which all other conjugations are derived.
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|+caption | Consonant stem verbs
|-
! Verb class
! Irrealis
! Infinitive
! Conclusive
! Adnominal
! Realis
! Imperative
! Gloss
|-
! C-stem
| ''*rene''
| ''*reni''
| ''*renusu''
| ''*renu''
| ''*rensa''
| ''*renə̄''
| 'take, tug'
|-
! ''s''-stem
| ''*base''
| ''*basi''
| ''*basu''
| ''*basu''
| ''*bāsa''
| ''*basə̄''
| 'hit, strike'
|}
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|+caption | Semivowel stem verbs
|-
! Verb class
! Irrealis
! Infinitive
! Conclusive
! Adnominal
! Realis
! Imperative
! Gloss
|-
! ''y''-stem regular
| ''*miye''
| ''*mī''
| ''*misu''
| ''*miyu''
| ''*misa''
| ''*mire''
| 'look, see'
|-
! ''y''-stem strong
| ''*waye''
| ''*wai''
| ''*waisu''
| ''*wayu''
| ''*waisa''
| ''*waire''
| 'to dance'
|-
! ''y''-stem weak
| ''*huye''
| ''*hī''
| ''*hīsu''
| ''*huyu''
| ''*hīsa''
| ''*hīre''
| 'to breathe'
|-
! ''w''-stem regular
| ''*cuwe''
| ''*cuwi''
| ''*cusu''
| ''*cū''
| ''*cusa''
| ''*cure''
| 'make, do, place'
|-
! ''w''-stem weak
| ''*iwe''
| ''*iwi''
| ''*īsu''
| ''*ī''
| ''*īsa''
| ''*īre''
| 'to meet, to add'
|-
! ''w''-stem strong
| ''*səwe''
| ''*səwi''
| ''*səusu''
| ''*səu''
| ''*səusa''
| ''*səure''
| 'to scream, to shout'
|}
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|+caption | Vowel stem verbs
|-
! Verb class
! Irrealis
! Infinitive
! Conclusive
! Adnominal
! Realis
! Imperative
! Gloss
|-
! ''e''-stem
| ''*ē''
| ''*ei''
| ''*esu''
| ''*eu''
| ''*esa''
| ''*ere''
| 'eat'
|-
! ''ə''-stem
| ''*kʷē''
| ''*kʷəi''
| ''*kʷəsu''
| ''*kʷəu''
| ''*kʷəsa''
| ''*kʷə̄''
| 'say, speak'
|-
! ''a''-stem
| ''*daŋʷae''
| ''*daŋʷai''
| ''*daŋʷasu''
| ''*daŋʷau''
| ''*daŋʷasa''
| ''*daŋʷare''
| 'sing, chant'
|}
{| class="wikitable"  style="display: inline-table;"
|+caption | Adjectival verbs
|-
! Verb class
! Irrealis
! Infinitive
! Conclusive
! Adnominal
! Realis
! Imperative
! Gloss
|-
! C-stem
| ''*ə̄c-he''
| ''*ə̄c-hi''
| ''*ə̄c-si''
| ''*ə̄c-hu''
| ''*ə̄c-sa''
| ''*ə̄c-həre''
| 'big, large'
|-
! V-stem
| ''*ənə-he''
| ''*ənə-hi''
| ''*ənə-si''
| ''*ənə-hu''
| ''*ənə-sa''
| ''*ənə-həre''
| 'small, little'
|-
! ki-stem
| ''*bura-kihe''
| ''*bura-kihi''
| ''*bura-kisi''
| ''*bura-kihu''
| ''*bura-kisa''
| ''*bura-kihəre''
| 'small, little'
|}
The marked conclusive form may be dropped and the bare stem used to signify a conclusive meaning before a pausa.


==== Auxiliary verbs ====
==== Auxiliary verbs ====
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