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'''Proto-Maro-Ephenian (PME)''' is the ancient common ancestor of the [[Maro-Ephenian Languages|Maro-Ephenian languages]], spoken broadly throughout [[Ephenia]], [[Eubora]], and parts of [[Suria]].  This includes [[Aeranir]] and [[Aeranid Languages|its descendants]], [[Dalitian]], and many others.
'''Proto-Maro-Ephenian (PME)''' is the ancient common ancestor of the [[Maro-Ephenian languages|Maro-Ephenian languages]], spoken broadly throughout [[Ephenia]], [[Eubora]], and parts of [[Suria]].  This includes [[Aeranir]] and [[Aeranid Languages|its descendants]], [[Dalitian]], and many others.
 
==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
|+caption | Consonant phonemes
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="3" | Coronal
! colspan="3" | Velar
! colspan="2" | Uvular
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
! <small> dental <small>
! <small> lateral <small>
! <small> post-<br>alveolar <small>
! <small> palato-<br>velar <small>
! <small> plain <small>
! <small> labial <small>
! <small> plain <small>
! <small> labial <small>
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Nasal
| *m
| colspan="2" | *n
| colspan="2" | *ń
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="3" | Stop
! <small> voiceless <small>
| *p
| *t
| *tˡ
| *t́
| *ḱ
| *k
| *kʷ
| *q
| *qʷ
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! <small> voiced <small>
|
| *d
| *dˡ
| *d́
| *ɡ́
| *g
| *gʷ
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! <small> aspirated <small>
| *bʰ
| *dʰ
| *dˡʰ
| *d́ʰ
| *ɡ́ʰ
| *gʰ
| *gʷʰ
| *ɡ̆ʰ
| *ɡ̆ʷʰ
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Fricative
|
| colspan="3" | *s
|
|
|
|
|
| *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Trill
|
|
|
| *r₁
| colspan="5" | *r₂
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Lateral
|
|
| *l₁
| colspan="6" | *l₂
|
|- style="text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" | Approximate
|
|
|
| colspan="2" | *i̯
|
| *u̯
|
|
|
|}
 
==Sound laws==
{| class="wikitable"  style="margin:autmargin:auto;"
|+caption | Consonant phonemes
|-
! rowspan="2" | PME
! colspan="3" | Maro-Stiric
! colspan="2" | Talothic
! colspan="2" | Iscaric
! rowspan="2" | Proto-<br>Fyrdic
|-
! Proto-<br>Maro-<br>Stiric
! Stiric
! Old<br>Marian
! Proto-<br>Talothic
! [[Dalitian]]
! Proto-<br>Iscaric
! [[Aeranir]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *p
| *p; *pʰ
| p, ph
| p, f
| *p; *pʰ; *pť
| p, ph, pt
| *p
| p
| *f; *b
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *bʰ
| *bʰ; b
| bh, b
| b
| *pʰ; *p; *pť
| ph, p, pt
| *ɸ; *β
| f, b
| *b; *f
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *t
| *t; *tʰ
| t, th
| t, ϑ
| *t; *tʰ; *ts; *ťť
| t, th, s, tt
| *t̪; *ts
| t, ȥ [ts]
| *þ; *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d
| *d; *dʰ
| d, dh
| d
| *d; *tʰ; *ds; *ďď
| d, th, s, z
| *d̪
| d
| *t
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *dʰ
| *dʰ; *d
| dh, d
| d
| *tʰ; *t; *ts; *ťť
| th, t, s, tt
| *θ; *ð
| f, d; b
| *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *t̂
| *ʈ; *ʈʰ
| ṭ, ṭh
| t, ϑ
| *t; *tʰ; *ts; ťť
| t, th, s, tt
| *t; *ts
| t, ȥ [ts]
| *þ; *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d̂
| *ɖ; *ɖʰ
| ḍ; ḷ, ḍh; ḷh
| d
| *d; *tʰ; *ds; *ďď
| d, th, s, z
| *d
| d
| *t
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d̂ʰ
| *ɖʰ; *ɖ
| ḍh; ḷh, ḍ; ḷ
| d
| *tʰ; *t; *ts; *ťť
| th, t, s, tt
| *r̥; *r̝; d
| rh [r̥], r; b, d
| *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *tˡ
| *č; *čʰ
| c, ch
| č
| *ts; *ťť
| s, tt
| *tɬ; *ts
| tl [tɬ], ȥ [ts]
| *þ; *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *dˡ
| *ǰ; *ǰʰ
| j, h
| ǰ
| *ds; *ďď
| s, z
| *d
| d
| *t
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *dˡʰ
| *ǰʰ; *ǰ
| h, j
| ǰ
| *ts; *ťť
| s, tt
| *ɬ; *ɮ; d
| f, l; b, d
| *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *t́
| *č; *čʰ
| c, ch
| č
| *ts; *ťť
| s, tt
| *ts
| ȥ [ts]
| *þ; *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d́
| *ǰ; *ǰʰ
| j, h
| ǰ
| *ds, *ďď
| s, z
| *d
| d
| *t
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *d́ʰ
| *ǰʰ; *ǰ
| h, j
| ǰ
| *ts; *ťť
| s, tt
| *s̠; *z̠; d
| s, r; b, d
| *d
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *ḱ
| *ĉ
| ś
| ϑ
| *k; *kʰ; *ťť
| k, kh, tt
| *k
| c
| *h; *g
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *ǵ
| *ǰ; *ǰʰ
| j, h
| d
| *g; *kʰ; *ďď
| g, kh, z
| *g
| g
| *k; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *ǵʰ
| *ǰʰ; *ǰ
| h, j
| d
| *kʰ; k; *ťť
| kh, k, tt
| *x; *ɣ
| h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g
| *g; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *k
| *k; *kʰ; *č
| k, kh, c
| k, x, č
| *k; *kʰ; *ťť
| k, kh, tt
| *k
| c
| *h; *g
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *g
| *g; *gʰ; *ǰ
| g, gh, j
| g, ǰ
| *g; *kʰ; *ďď
| g, kh, z
| *g
| g
| *k; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *gʰ
| *gʰ; *g; *ǰʰ; *ǰ
| gh, g, h, j
| g, ǰ
| *kʰ; *k; *ťť
| kh, k, tt
| *x; *ɣ
| h; Ø, gh [ɣ]; g
| *g; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *kʷ
| *k; *kʰ; *č
| k, kh, c
| k, x, č
| *kʷ; *kʷʰ; *ťť
| p; t; k,<br>ph; th; kh, tt
| *kʷ
| cu; c
| *hw; *gw; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *gʷ
| *g; *gʰ; *ǰ
| g, gh, j
| g, ǰ
| *gʷ; *kʷʰ; *ďď
| b; d; g,<br>ph; th; kh, z
| *gʷ
| v [ʋ]; gu
| *kw; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *gʷʰ
| *gʰ; *g; *ǰʰ; *ǰ
| gh, g, h, j
| g, ǰ
| *kʷʰ; *kʷ; *ťť
| ph; th; kh,<br>p; t; k, tt
| *xʷ; *ɣʷ
| f, v [ʋ]; gu
| *gw; *h
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *q
| *q; *qʰ; *č
| k, kh, c
| q, χ, č
| *k; *kʰ; *ťť
| k, kh, tt
| *q
| q
| *ħ; *ʕ
|- style="text-align:center;"
! *qʷ
| *q; *qʰ; *č
| k, kh, c
| q, χ, č
| *kʷ; *kʷʰ; +ťť
| p; t; k,<br>ph; th; kh, tt
| *qʷ
| qu; q
| *ħw; *ʕw; *ħ
|}
 
==Nouns==
===Declension===
{| class="wikitable" style="display: inline-table;"
|+Noun declension
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | Singular
! colspan="3" | Plural
|-
! athematic
! thematic
! pronominal
! athematic
! thematic
! pronominal
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Nominative
| rowspan="2" | ''*-s''
| ''*-os''
| rowspan="2" | ''*-s†''
| rowspan="2" | ''*-r₁''
| rowspan="2" | ''*-or₁''
| rowspan="2" | ''*-ōs''
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Vocative
| ''*-e''
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Accusative
| rowspan="2" | ''*-m̥''
| rowspan="2" | ''*-om''
| ''*-ē''
| ''*-i''
| ''*-oy''
| ''*-ō(n)''
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Inanimate Nom/Acc
| ''*-d''
| ''*-n̥t''
| ''*-ont''
| ''*-er₁''
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Essive
| ''*-u''
| ''*-ow''
| ''*-wos''
| ''*-ur₁''
| ''*-owr̥₁''
| ''*-uh''
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Genitive
| ''*-s/*-es/*-os''
| ''*-osyo''
| ''*-oy''
| ''*-ir₁''
| ''*-obʰos''
| ''*-stros''
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Dative
| ''*-ey/-oy''
| ''*-oey/-ōy''
| ''*-bʰey''
| ''*-n̥r₃''
| ''*-onr̥₃''
| ''*-sbʰeys''
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Ablative
| ''*-eyd''
| ''*-er₂d''
| ''*-e-e‡''
| ''*-n̥s''
| ''*-ons''
| ''*-mos''
|-  style="text-align:center;"
! Locative
| ''*-sis''
| ''*-osis''
| ''*-eys''
| ''*-sr̥₂''
| ''*-osr̥₂''
| ''*-esr̥₂''
|}
 
 
==Lexicon==
==Lexicon==
''[[:Category:PME roots|Proto-Maro-Ephenian Roots]]''
''[[:Category:PME roots|Proto-Maro-Ephenian Roots]]''
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