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Proto-Tassinean: Difference between revisions
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{{construction}} | {{construction}} | ||
{{Infobox proto-language | {{Infobox proto-language | ||
|altname=PtT | |||
|creator=User:Jukethatbox | |creator=User:Jukethatbox | ||
|target=[[Tassinean languages]] | |target=[[Tassinean languages]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Nasal | ! Nasal | ||
| *m || || *n || *N || | | *m || || *n || *N || *ŋ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
| Line 44: | Line 45: | ||
| *i *y || || *u || *ī *ȳ|| || *ū | | *i *y || || *u || *ī *ȳ|| || *ū | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Mid/close-mid | ||
| *e || || *o || *ē || || *ō | | *e || *ə || *o || *ē || || *ō | ||
|- | |- | ||
|- | |- | ||
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====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
====Intonation==== | ====Intonation==== | ||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
====Agin's law==== | |||
Proto-Tassinean follows Agin's law, which is a phonotactic law focusing primarily on Tassinean languages. It states that though consonants can be placed in an adjacent manner, they can not be of the same category of consonant. e.g. the word ''*mäkpah'' was rejected as an ancestor of [[Adi Adi]] ''meqipah'' and [[Siwè]] ''mịkịpe'' due to it violating the law by putting ''*k'' adjacent to ''*p''. The word ''*mäkuph'' was later chosen as a more accurate ancestor, taking into account other cognates like Proto-Inian ''*mäk-upH''. | |||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Comparison=== | |||
<small>''See also: [[Proto-Tassinean/Comparison with modern derivations|Comparison with modern derivations]].''</small> | |||
{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;" | |||
! English<br>(Proto-Tassinean translation) !! Proto-Tassinean !! Proto-Searnic !! Proto-Inian !! Proto-Argan † || Proto-Sangver † | |||
|- | |||
| yew tree||''*mäkuph'' || ''*mekipeh'' || ''*mak-upH'' || ''*mäkopḫ'' || ''*mikši'' | |||
|- | |||
| desert || ''*esäveh'' || ''*isəHwih'' || - || ''*esebéH'' || ''*vehib'' | |||
|- | |||
| forest || ''*bāhe'' || ''*bawi'' || ''*ḅāhwē'' || ''*maha'' || rowspan=2 | - | |||
|- | |||
| cherry || colspan=2 | ''*daNehir'' || ''*ḏaNesir'' || ''*danai'' | |||
|- | |||
| apple || colspan=2 | ''*hiNe'' || ''*wēsiNe'' || - || ''*hinʲe'' | |||
|- | |||
| orange || ''*irēeŋ'' || ''*irēn'' || ''*iwin'' || ''*eran'' || ''*ireng'' | |||
|- | |||
| peach || ''*dava'' || ''*dāva'' || ''*daḅa'' || ''*dava'' || ''*tahā'' | |||
|- | |||
| father || ''*wak'' || ''*hak'' || - || ''*wec'' || ''*ila''<ref>''*wak'' → ''*werk'' → ''*we(r)h'' → ''*elh'' → ''*ilh'' → ''*ilə'' → ''*ila''</ref> | |||
|- | |||
| mother || ''*pēhes'' || ''*bes'' || ''*bers'' || ''*pē'' || ''*hiš'' | |||
|- | |||
| brother || ''*hōkn'' || ''*hōkon'' || ''*hok''<br>"father" || ''*ohan''<ref>''*hōkn'' → ''*ōkn'' → ''*ōkan'' → ''*ogan'' → ''*oɣan'' → ''*ohan''</ref> || ''*heg'' | |||
|- | |||
| sister || ''*naNasə'' || ''*snaNa'' || ''*naNās'' || ''*nasu''<ref>''*naNasə'' → ''*Nasə'' → ''*nasə'' → ''*nasu''</ref>|| ''*nenʲa'' | |||
|} | |||
===Particles=== | ===Particles=== | ||
====Determiners==== | ====Determiners==== | ||
{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;" | {| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;" | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
===Noun phrase=== | Proto-Tassinean constituent order has been debated, with some believing it to be SOV, citing [[Siwè]] and [[Adi Adi]], while others believing it may be OSV, citing [[Ingwen]], [[Ke'ek]] and [[Proto-Inian]]. | ||
====Noun-adjective order==== | |||
Noun-adjective order is even more controversial, due to even linguistically similar languages like [[Siwè]] and [[Adi Adi]] differing on specifically adjective placement. Thus, Tassinists generally agree to not speak of noun-adjective order, assuming instead a free constituent order, for the sake of collaboration and often friendship. | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
====Cases==== | |||
Proto-Tassinean has seven noun cases: '''nominative''', '''ergative''', '''absolutive''', '''dative''', '''genitive''', '''instrumentative''' and '''locative''', and they are all subject to change based on animacy. They are identified by prefixes and suffixes. | |||
{| class=redtable lightredbg style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | !! colspan=7 | Case | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative !! Ergative !! Absolutive !! Dative !! Genitive !! Instrumentative !! Locative | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=3 | Animacy | |||
|- | |||
! Inanimate | |||
| - || ''*soh-'' || ''*-vir'' || ''*-Nir'' || ''*-sə'' || rowspan=2 | ''*gid-'' || ''*-wē'' | |||
|- | |||
! Animate | |||
| ''*-zih<sup>?</sup>'' || ''*ma-'' || ''*-Nēŋ'' || ''*-avī'' || ''*-yrn'' || ''*-aw'' | |||
|} | |||
====Noun phrase==== | |||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||