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Psér: Difference between revisions
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{{ | {{construction}} | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| image = [[File:Pser-endonym-in-alphabet. | | image = [[File:Pser-endonym-in-alphabet.png|300px]] | ||
| imagecaption = The Psér endonym in the Pséri alphabet. | | imagecaption = The Psér endonym in the Pséri alphabet. | ||
| | | map = [[File:Map of Pser speakers.jpeg|300px|alt=Map of Psér speakers.]] | ||
| mapcaption = Map of Psér speakers. Dark green represents majority Psér-speaking areas, and light green represents significant minority communities. | |||
| name = Psér | |||
| nativename = ēago ebēsri | | nativename = ēago ebēsri | ||
| pronunciation = ˈeː.ago ˈebeː.ʂɹi | | pronunciation = ˈeː.ago ˈebeː.ʂɹi | ||
| pronunciation_key = IPA | | pronunciation_key = IPA | ||
| state = Briŭyeg, Tusgŭ, Tugcher Region | | state = Briŭyeg, Tusgŭ, Tugcher Region | ||
| speakers = ~600,000 | |||
| date = 400 UH | |||
| setting = Radael | |||
| creator = [[User:Jukethatbox|Jukethatbox]] | | creator = [[User:Jukethatbox|Jukethatbox]] | ||
| familycolor = Indo-European <!-- no this is not an indo-european language, i just like the colour--> | | familycolor = Indo-European <!-- no this is not an indo-european language, i just like the colour--> | ||
| fam1 = [[ | | fam1 = [[Yeldhic languages|Yeldhic]] | ||
| fam2 = [[Proto-Gadaïc|Gadaïc]] | | fam2 = [[Proto-Gadaïc|Gadaïc]] | ||
| fam3 = East Gadaïc | |||
| ancestor1 = Proto-Gadaïc | |||
| ancestor2 = Proto-East Gadaïc | |||
| stand1 = Psérg dialect(''ugēm idri'') | | stand1 = Psérg dialect(''ugēm idri'') | ||
| dia1 = [[Psér#Psérg|Psérg]] dialect(''ugēm idri'') | | dia1 = [[Psér#Psérg|Psérg]] dialect(''ugēm idri'') | ||
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| nation = Briŭyeg, Tusgŭ | | nation = Briŭyeg, Tusgŭ | ||
| minority = Moshurian Empire, Xŭthi | | minority = Moshurian Empire, Xŭthi | ||
| notice = IPA | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Psér'''(''ēago ebēsri'') is one of the oldest Gadaïc languages in Talkoch. It is one of the only modern Gadaïc languages that still mostly derive from [[Paleogadaic]], as opposed to [[Proto-Gadaïc]] which all other Gadaïc languages derive from. Its alphabet, the '''Pséri''' alphabet, is one of the oldest in Radael, and modified versions of it are used in [[Ösrish]], [[Arnic]] and [[Isali]]. Some languages like [[Mezco]] are directly descended from Psér, which can be seen in sentences like ''nœ yago | '''Psér'''(''ēago ebēsri'', <small>Psér:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ˈeː.ago ˈebeː.ʂɹi]]]) is one of the oldest Gadaïc languages in Talkoch. It is one of the only modern Gadaïc languages that still mostly derive from [[Paleogadaic]], as opposed to [[Proto-Gadaïc]] which all other Gadaïc languages derive from. Its alphabet, the '''Pséri''' alphabet, is one of the oldest in Radael, and modified versions of it are used in [[Ösrish]], [[Arnic]] and [[Isali]]. Some languages like [[Mezco]] are directly descended from Psér, which can be seen in sentences like ''nœ yago ridyær''(Mezco, "we have food") and Psér ''nŭ yako ildeā''. | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
[[File:Pser-alphabet.jpeg|150px|thumb| | [[File:Pser-alphabet.jpeg|150px|thumb|left|alt=The Pséri alphabet.|The Pséri alphabet.]] | ||
Psér uses a modified version of one of the oldest alphabets in Radael, the Ancient Gadir alphabet. The notable differences between the original alphabet with the Pséri alphabet is that [[w:Glottal stop|glottal stops]] have their own symbols, and vowels with diacritics([[w:U breve|ŭ]] for example) also have their own symbols. | Psér uses a modified version of one of the oldest alphabets in Radael, the Ancient Gadir alphabet. The notable differences between the original alphabet with the Pséri alphabet is that [[w:Glottal stop|glottal stops]] have their own symbols, and vowels with diacritics([[w:U breve|ŭ]] for example) also have their own symbols. | ||
Some symbols, like the symbol for æ and œ, are exclusive to [[Mezco]] which also uses the Pséri alphabet, although Mezco also uses the [[Moshurian]] alphabet. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
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| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]) | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]] | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless post-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | | | style="border-right: 0;" | ([[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]]) || style="border-left: 0;" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
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| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]] | | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced alveolar approximant|ɹ]]) | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
| colspan="2" | | | colspan="2" | | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | ! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | ||
| colspan="2"| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ε]] || || | | colspan="2"| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ε]] || || [[w:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
! [[w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | ! [[w:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | ||
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===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
Psér, like its ancestor [[Paleogadaic]], is [[w:Stress (linguistics)|prototonic]], meaning that stress is placed on the first syllable of a word. This means that some [[Moshurian]] loanwords, a language where stress is placed on the penultimate syllable, change significantly in Psér due to the rare prototonic rule, e.g. Moshurian ''[[Contionary:chirit|chirit]]'' becomes Psér ''shtiyr''. | |||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
===Verbs=== | |||
Most verbs in Psér end in ''ā''(/aː/), and are not inflected. They appear after the object, although sometimes they can be found before the object. Additionally, in some dialects the [[w:Zero copula|zero copula]] feature is used, meaning that the verb "to be"(''gornā'') is not used in a sentence, e.g. Descartes' famous quote ''I think, therefore I am'' would be ''Kri kuludā, yir kri'', or literally ''I think, so I (am)''. In Standard Psér however, the zero copula does not appear, and Descartes' quote would still be ''Kri kuludā, yir '''kri gornā'''''. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Psér uses an SOV(subject-object-verb) structure, as so: | |||
: kri uboyē dmuryā. | |||
: <small>1SG</small> apple-<small>ACC</small> eat. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
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==Dialects== | ==Dialects== | ||
===Psérg=== | ===Psérg=== | ||
'''Psérgi''' is the standard dialect of Psér. It is mostly derived from various dialects spoken by deportees during the Faa Massacre. These various dialects mixed to become the singular dialect spoken in Psérg and | '''Psérgi''' is the standard dialect of Psér. It is mostly derived from various dialects spoken by deportees during the Faa Massacre. These various dialects mixed to become the singular dialect spoken in Psérg and the general Tugcher Region, which was then chosen by the SEE as the standard dialect of Standard Psér. | ||
===Tusgŭ=== | ===Tusgŭ=== | ||
'''Tusgŭ''' is the dialect spoken in Tusgŭ and minority communities in Xŭthi. It is one of the oldest dialects, and the Pséri alphabet was designed with the Tusgŭ dialect in mind. It is considered, in the Minŭre religion, as the holiest of Psér dialects. | |||
There is also a small faction within the SEE, known as SEE-Tusgŭ, who advocates for Standard Psér to be based on the Tusgŭ dialect. Many of the supporters and members of the faction are native Tusgŭ speakers or are part of the aforementioned Minŭre religion. | |||
===Miskŭ=== | ===Miskŭ=== | ||
'''Miskŭ''' is the dialect mainly spoken in Briŭyeg. It's name comes from the Psér name for the Mezcof Basin, and it has had some influence on [[Mezco]]. | '''Miskŭ''' is the dialect mainly spoken in Briŭyeg. It's name comes from the Psér name for the Mezcof Basin, and it has had some influence on [[Mezco]]. | ||
===Eastern Hyrîaow=== | ===Eastern Hyrîaow=== | ||
'''Eastern Hyrîaow''' is the only dialect that is no longer spoken by any Psér speaker(L2 or native). The notable differences between standard Psér is that /e/ was instead pronounced | '''Eastern Hyrîaow''' is the only dialect that is no longer spoken by any Psér speaker(L2 or native), and is named after the Hyrîaow mountain range. The notable differences between standard Psér is that /e/ was instead pronounced [æ], and ŭ tended to be pronounced [ɶ], as well as stress being placed on the penultimate syllable instead of the first. These differences eventually mixed with [[Mezecki]], eventually forming a creole in the Mezcof, which later became known as [[Mezco]]. | ||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
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[[Category:Psér]] | [[Category:Psér]] | ||
[[Category:Gadaïc languages]] | [[Category:Gadaïc languages]] | ||
[[Category:Yeldhic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||