Puhval: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search

Puhval (view source)

Revision as of 20:52, 27 March 2024

105 bytes added ,  27 March
→‎Syllables
(14 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 18: Line 18:
| nativename        =  
| nativename        =  
| acceptance        =  
| acceptance        =  
| image            =  
| image            = [[File:Puhval Name in the Puhvalmjah Script.png|thumb]]
[[File:Puhval Name in the Puhvalmjah Script.png|thumb]]
| imagesize        = 12em
| imagesize        = 12em
| imagealt          = alt text for the image
| imagealt          = alt text for the image
Line 26: Line 25:
| pronunciation    = pɵ.vʌl
| pronunciation    = pɵ.vʌl
| pronunciation_key = pronunciation key of the languages; defaults to Help:IPA
| pronunciation_key = pronunciation key of the languages; defaults to Help:IPA
| creator          = Toastghost if the value is of the form User:xxxxxx, it links automatically to that user
| creator          = User: Toastghost
| created          = 2023
| created          = 2023
| setting          = setting of the language (conworld, Earth country or region, etc.)
| setting          = setting of the language (conworld, Earth country or region, etc.)
Line 200: Line 199:
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| z
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar plosive|z]]
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]]
| [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]]
|  
|  
| ʐ
| [[w:Voiceless retroflex sibilant fricative|ʐ]]
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 228: Line 227:
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| ɹ
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar approximant|ɹ]]
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
|  
|  
Line 242: Line 241:
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| l
| [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
|  
|  
Line 252: Line 251:
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="background-color:#D9D9D9;"
! colspan="4" | Non-Pulmonic Consonants
|- style="background-color:#E391D3;"
| colspan="2" |
| Alveolar
| Velar
|-
| style="background-color:#E391D3;" | Ejective
| style="background-color:#E391D3;" | Stop
| [[w:Alveolar ejective stop|tʼ]]
| [[w:Velar ejective stop|kʼ]]
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:bottom;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
|- style="text-align:center; background-color:#E391D3;"
|- style="background-color:#D9D9D9;"
! colspan="16" style="background-color:#efefef;" | Affricates
! colspan="4" | Affricates
|- style="background-color:#E391D3;"
|- style="background-color:#E391D3;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |  
| colspan="2" |  
| Bi­labial
| Labio­dental
| colspan="2" | Linguo­labial
| Dental
| Alveolar
| Alveolar
| Post­alveolar
| Post­alveolar
| Retro­flex
| colspan="2" | Palatal
| Velar
| Uvular
| Epi­glottal
| Glottal
|-
|-
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Pulmonic
| style="background-color:#E391D3;" | Pulmonic
| style="text-align:center; background-color:#E391D3;" | Sibilant
| style="background-color:#E391D3;" | Sibilant
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |  
| style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left;" |
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |  
| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|dʒ]]
|-
| style="background-color:#E391D3;" | Ejective
| style="background-color:#E391D3;" | Central
| style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;" | [[w:Alveolar ejective affricate|tsʼ]]
| style="vertical-align:bottom; text-align:left;" |
|}
 
* The sound /ʐ/ is presumed to always be followed by /ʌ/, when writing in puvalmja script the /ʌ/ is not denoted
* The sound /dʒ/ is presumed to always be followed by /ɛ/, when writing in puvalmja script the /ɛ/ is not denoted
 
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom;"
|- style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#D9D9D9;"
! colspan="9" | Vowels
|- style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;"
| rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;" | <br />
| colspan="2" | Front
| colspan="2" | Front-Central
| colspan="2" | Central
| colspan="2" | Back
|- style="background-color:#E391D3;"
| Unrounded
| Rounded
| Unrounded
| Rounded
| Unrounded
| Rounded
| Unrounded
| Rounded
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Close
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| style="text-align:center; color:#0563c1;" | d̠ʒ
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |  
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background-color:#E391D3;" | Non-sibilant
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Near-Close
|
|
|
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
| [[w:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]
| [[w:Near-close near-front rounded vowel|y]]
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Close-Mid
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| [[w:Close-mid central rounded vowel|ɵ]]
|  
|  
| [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background-color:#E391D3;" | Lateral
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Mid
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
|  
|  
| [[w:Mid front rounded vowel|ø̞]]
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 313: Line 345:
|  
|  
|  
|  
|
| style="text-align:left;" |  
|
|
|
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |  
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Ejective
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Open-Mid
| style="text-align:center; background-color:#E391D3;" | Central
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 327: Line 354:
|  
|  
|  
|  
| style="text-align:center; color:#0563c1;" | tsʼ
| [[w:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]]
|
| style="text-align:left;" |  
|
|
|
|
|
|  
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |  
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center; background-color:#E391D3;" | Lateral
| style="vertical-align:middle; background-color:#E391D3;" | Open
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
|
|
|
|
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 350: Line 364:
|  
|  
|  
|  
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |  
| [[w:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]
| style="background-color:#AEAAAA;" |
|}
 
===Vowels===
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;"
! colspan="6" style="background-color:#efefef;" | Vowels
|- style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;"
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| style="text-align:left;" |  
| Front
| Front-Central
| Central
| Back-Central
| Back
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | Close
| style="color:#0563C1;" | i
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | Near-Close
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="text-align:center; color:#0563c1;" | ɪ (and) ʏ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | Close-Mid
| style="color:#0563C1;" | e
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="text-align:right; color:#0563C1;" | ɵ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="color:#0563C1;" | o
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | Mid
| style="text-align:right; color:#0563C1;" | ø̞
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | Open-Mid
| style="color:#0563C1;" | ɛ
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="color:#0563C1;" | ʌ
|- style="vertical-align:bottom;"
| style="text-align:center; background-color:#E391D3;" | Near-Open
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; background-color:#E391D3;" | Open
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="vertical-align:bottom;" |
| style="color:#0563C1;" | ɑ
|}
|}


Line 881: Line 833:
===Syllables===
===Syllables===


* Onset sounds: All Consonants except [kʼ], all vowel sounds except [ɑɪ]. If it is the beginning of the word short vowels are not permitted (except in the word “Adó”).
* Onset sounds: All Consonants except /kʼ/, all vowel sounds except /ɑɪ/. If it is the beginning of the word short vowels are not permitted, except the vowel sound /ɪ/ (except in the word “Adó”).


* Nucleus sounds: All vowels, [v], [l], and [m].
* Nucleus sounds: All vowels, /v/, /l/, and /m/.


* Coda sounds: All Consonants except [p], all vowels. If it is the end of a word only long vowels are permitted
* Coda sounds: All Consonants except /p/, all vowels. If it is the end of a word only long vowels are permitted


* Phonotactic pattern: (V) (C) (C) V (C) (C) (C/V)
* Phonotactic pattern: (V) (C) (C) V (C) (C) (C/V)
Line 920: Line 872:
===Sentence phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
===Interrogative clauses===
 
*Polar Interrogative clause - To apply the Polar Interrogative clause push the main verb to the start of the sentence with tense and adverbs following and adjective before verb. Ex, “Jadit’ t’ek jad”, literally meaning “Drinking you water”
 
*Opinion Interrogative clause- To apply Opinion Interrogative clause use the word “Llólt’” before the subject. Ex, “Llólt tek temú”, literally meaning “Feel you about mom”.
 
*Standard Interrogative clause- To apply an Interrogative clause use the “Vikúit” meaning being, followed by the determiner “Vk’á” meaning what, before the subject. If you want to ask for the time , follow “Vk’á” by  “kret ddim”. To ask about a place, follow “Vk’á” by “kret vvem”. To ask why, follow “Vk’á” by “dret vfem”. To ask why, follow “Vk’á” by “dret kazlz”. Ex, “Vikúit’ vk’á kret vvem”, literally meaning “Being what the time”.
 
===Imperative clauses===
Command Imperative clause - to apply the imperative clause, repeat the subject pronoun/noun.


==Example texts==
==Example texts==
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing
[[File:Puhval sheep and horses fable.png|frameless]]


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
Toastghost
244

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/366818...366862"

Navigation menu