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Pulqer: Difference between revisions
→Morphology and Grammar
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All Pulqer nouns are either masculine or feminine in gender and singular or plural in number but neither of these is marked on the noun itself, which is immutable. For example, ''atyn'' is a masculine noun and can mean "man" or "men" whilst ''hityn'' is feminine and may mean "woman" or "women". | All Pulqer nouns are either masculine or feminine in gender and singular or plural in number but neither of these is marked on the noun itself, which is immutable. For example, ''atyn'' is a masculine noun and can mean "man" or "men" whilst ''hityn'' is feminine and may mean "woman" or "women". | ||
The gender and number of a noun is either unspecified or is indicated by an attached determiner | The gender and number of a noun is either unspecified or is indicated by an attached determiner (usually an article). | ||
===Determiners=== | ===Determiners=== | ||
====Articles==== | ====Articles==== | ||
Articles always precede the noun they modify directly, or with intervening adjectives and must agree with the noun | Articles are the only true determiners in Pulqer. They always precede the noun they modify directly, or with intervening adjectives, and must agree with the noun in gender and number. | ||
The '''definite article''' is ''su'' and is declined as follows: | The '''definite article''' is ''su'' and is declined as follows: | ||
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The definite article is the default determiner for any definite noun, i.e. a noun with no other form of determiner must take the definite article. As such, it is used in many cases where English does not use an article, e.g.: | The definite article is the default determiner for any definite noun, i.e. a noun with no other form of determiner must take the definite article. As such, it is used in many cases where English does not use an article, e.g.: | ||
* | * with abstract or general categories, e.g. ''su amur seśt na piltut'' "love is a virtue" | ||
* | * where definiteness is implied, e.g. ''mi pa a su let'' (or ''mau let'') "I'm going to bed" | ||
The '''indefinite article''' is ''nu'' and is declined in the same way: | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px" | | |||
! style="width: 100px" | Singular | |||
! style="width: 100px" | Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Masculine | |||
| ''nu'' | |||
| ''ni'' | |||
|- | |||
! Feminine | |||
| ''na'' | |||
| ''ne'' | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
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:: ''ne kes'' "some houses" | :: ''ne kes'' "some houses" | ||
:: ''n'iśtyl'' "the islands" (< **''ni iśtyl'') | :: ''n'iśtyl'' "the islands" (< **''ni iśtyl'') | ||
:: ''mi su nu piśtur'' "I am a fisherman". | :: ''mi su nu piśtur'' "I am a fisherman" | ||
Other determiners are formed in conjunction with the definite article. | |||
====Possessive Adjectives==== | ====Possessive Adjectives==== | ||
Possessive adjectives | Possessive adjectives follow a definite noun and are immutable: | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 25px" | 1 | ! style="width: 25px" | 1 | ||
| '' | | ''me'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
| '' | | ''te'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 | ! 3 | ||
| '' | | ''se'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 100px" rowspan="3;" | Plural | ! style="width: 100px" rowspan="3;" | Plural | ||
! style="width: 25px" | 1 | ! style="width: 25px" | 1 | ||
| '' | | ''naśtyl / ne'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
| '' | | ''paśtyl / pe'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 | ! 3 | ||
| ''lur'' | | ''lur'' (m.), ''lar'' (f.) | ||
|} | |} | ||