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====Adjectives==== | ====Adjectives==== | ||
Adjectives may be attributive or predicative and they may be either simple (e.g. ''SUUP'' "large") or derived from another part of speech (e.g. ''PUTIŚ-'' "manly, man-like"). | |||
An attributive adjective is placed after the noun in either its absolute or construct state and is unmarked for gender, number or state, e.g. ''qaqral suup'' "the big house", ''putek neh'' "an old man". In many cases an attributive adjective may be compounded with the noun stem, where the relationship between the noun and adjective is stronger. Here, the adjective intervenes between the construct noun stem and prefixes, e.g. ''qasuupqral'' "the big house, the mansion", ''nehputek'' "an old man". | An attributive adjective is placed after the noun in either its absolute or construct state and is unmarked for gender, number or state, e.g. ''qaqral suup'' "the big house", ''putek neh'' "an old man". In many cases an attributive adjective may be compounded with the noun stem, where the relationship between the noun and adjective is stronger. Here, the adjective intervenes between the construct noun stem and prefixes, e.g. ''qasuupqral'' "the big house, the mansion", ''nehputek'' "an old man". | ||
A predicative adjective may be formed by adding the verbal prefixes to the stem where the subject is a pronoun, e.g. ''kiputiś'' "I am manly", ''hisuup'' "it is large". When the subject is a noun | A predicative adjective may be formed by adding the verbal prefixes to the stem where the subject is a pronoun, e.g. ''kiputiś'' "I am manly", ''hisuup'' "it is large". When the subject is a noun the attributive structure is used and verbal prefixes are added to the noun, e.g. ''haqral suup'' "it is a large house" or "the house is large", ''siput neh'' "he is an old man" or "the man is old". | ||
:: <small> '''Note:''' the personal forms of adjectives and nouns are strictly tenseless, so that ''hisuup'' may be translated as "it is large", "it was large", or "it will be large" depending on context. </small> | |||
Adjective stems may function as nouns by taking the appropriate affixes, with gender and number matching the referent. The meaning is always "X one(s)" so ''qiisuup'' "the large ones (m.)" < ''SUUP'' "large", ''qrahets'' "this salt" (lit. "this salty one") < ''HETS'' "salty", ''humah'' "honey" (lit. "sweet one") < ''HUM'' "sweet". | |||
Adjectives may also take verbal affixes, typically with an inchoative meaning. Compare the following forms with ''MAL'' "hot": ''himali'' "it gets/is getting hot", ''himalimen'' "it got hot" (and stayed hot), ''himala'' "it got hot" (and is no longer), ''himalamen'' "it got hot earlier" (and is no longer), ''himalitti'' "it gets hot often", ''himalittimen'' "it got hot often", ''himalya'' "it will get hot". | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||