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Pulqer/Old Pulqer: Difference between revisions
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* Plosives and fricatives may not occur as geminates. | * Plosives and fricatives may not occur as geminates. | ||
* Liquids (/n, m, l, r/) may be geminated and are written double, e.g. ''nn, rr'' etc. | * Liquids (/n, m, l, r/) may be geminated and are written double, e.g. ''nn, rr'' etc. | ||
==Morphology== | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Nouns are marked for gender (masculine or feminine), number (singular or plural) and case (Nominative-Accusative or Genitive-Dative). These are marked on the noun with suffixes according to three declensions: | |||
: '''1. A-Stems (feminine)''' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="3;" | ''filtśa'' "daughter" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Pl. | |||
|- | |||
! Nom-Acc. | |||
| filtśa | |||
| filtśe | |||
|- | |||
! Gen-Dat. | |||
| filtśe | |||
| filtśi | |||
|} | |||
: '''2. U-Stems (masculine)''' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="3;" | ''mueru'' "wall" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Pl. | |||
|- | |||
! Nom-Acc. | |||
| mueru | |||
| rowspan="2;" | mueri | |||
|- | |||
! Gen-Dat. | |||
| mueri | |||
|} | |||
: '''3. Consonant Stems (masculine & feminine)''' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="3;" | ''ifante'' "baby" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | Pl. | |||
|- | |||
! Nom-Acc. | |||
| ifante | |||
| ifanti | |||
|- | |||
! Gen-Dat. | |||
| ifanti | |||
| ifantu | |||
|} | |||
===Articles=== | |||
There are both definite (''isu'') and indefinite (''unu'') articles, declined in much the same way as nouns and agreeing in gender, number and case with the noun they qualify. ''Unu'' occurs only in the singular. | |||
: '''''isu'' (definite article)''' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | | |||
! colspan="2;" | Masculine | |||
! colspan="2;" | Feminine | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | Pl. | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | Pl. | |||
|- | |||
! Nom-Acc | |||
| ''isu'' | |||
| rowspan="2; | ''isi | |||
| ''isa'' | |||
| ''ise'' | |||
|- | |||
! Gen-Dat. | |||
| ''isi'' | |||
| ''ise'' | |||
| ''isi'' | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
* ''isu unne'' "the man" | |||
* ''isa filtśa te isi unni'' "the man's daughter" | |||
* ''ise khatte'' "the cats" | |||
: '''''unu'' (indefinite article) | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | | |||
! Masculine | |||
! Feminine | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | Sing. | |||
! style="width: 70px;" | Sing. | |||
|- | |||
! Nom-Acc | |||
| ''unu'' | |||
| ''una'' | |||
|- | |||
! Gen-Dat. | |||
| ''uni'' | |||
| ''une'' | |||
|} | |||
Examples: | |||
* ''unu unne'' "a man" | |||
* ''at une khase'' "to a house" | |||
* ''una arpre'' "a tree" | |||