Linguifex

Pulqer/Old Pulqer: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Pulqer/Old Pulqer (view source)

Revision as of 19:46, 2 March 2021

5,693 bytes added ,  2 March 2021
no edit summary
No edit summary
 
(9 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
==Phonology and Orthography==
==Phonology and Orthography==
===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Old Pulqer had the following short vowels:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; "|
Line 9: Line 10:
|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! style="" |Close
| i(ː)
| '''i''' /i/
| u(ː)
| '''u''' /u/
|-
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
! style="" |Open-mid
| ɛ
| '''e''' /ɛ/
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="" |Open
! style="" |Open
| a
| '''a''' /a/
| '''ą''' /ɑ/
|}
 
All long vowels were converted to diphthongs, merging with some existing diphthongs:
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 300px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''ie''' /iə/
| '''ue''' /uə/ <br> ''ui'' /ui/
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
| '''ei''' /ɛɪ/
|  
|  
|-
! style="" |Open
| '''ae''' /ae/ <br> ai /aɪ/
| '''au''' /ao/
|}
|}
The high vowels /i, u/ are long in stressed open syllables, when followed by a single consonant + vowel (e.g. ''muru'' /muːru/), and they are short in all other environments. The low vowels /a, ɛ/ are always short (their long variants are diphthongised to /ae, ei/).
The following diphthongs also occur: /ae, ai, au, ei, ui/.


===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Line 45: Line 61:
! style="" rowspan="2;" |Plosive
! style="" rowspan="2;" |Plosive
! Aspirated   
! Aspirated   
| '''ph, pp''' /pʰ/
| '''ph''' /pʰ/
| '''th, tt''' /tʰ/
| '''th''' /tʰ/
|
|
| '''kh, kk''' /kʰ/
| '''kh''' /kʰ/
| '''qh, qq''' /kʷʰ/
| '''qh''' /kʷʰ/
|-
|-
! Unaspirated   
! Unaspirated   
Line 88: Line 104:


Notes:  
Notes:  
* The aspirated plosives are written ''ph, th'' etc word-initially and ''pp, tt'' etc medially.
* Geminate consonants are written double: ''khapallu'' "horse".
* Plosives and fricatives may not occur as geminates.
* Liquids (/n, m, l, r/) may be geminated and are written double, e.g. ''nn, rr'' etc.


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Line 199: Line 213:


Examples:
Examples:
* ''unu unne'' "a man"
* ''unu anne'' "a man"
* ''at une khaese'' "to a house"
* ''at une khaese'' "to a house"
* ''una arpre'' "a tree"
* ''una alpre'' "a tree"


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
Line 218: Line 232:
|-
|-
! Nom-Acc
! Nom-Acc
| ''puenu''
| ''paunu''
| rowspan="2; | ''pueni''
| rowspan="2; | ''pauni''
| ''puena''
| ''pauna''
| ''puene''
| ''paune''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''pueni''
| ''pauni''
| ''puene''
| ''paune''
| ''pueni''
| ''pauni''
|}
|}


Examples:
Examples:
* ''isu unne puenu'' "the good man"
* ''isu anne paunu'' "the good man"
* ''isa tśaena mantśa'' "the big door"
* ''isa tśaena mantśa'' "the big door"
* ''aratsueni pueni'' "good reasons"
* ''aratsueni pauni'' "good reasons"


: '''E-Stems'''
: '''E-Stems'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | ''thriste'' <br /> "sad"
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | ''triste'' <br /> "sad"
! colspan="2;" | Masculine/Feminine
! colspan="2;" | Masculine/Feminine
|-
|-
Line 243: Line 257:
|-
|-
! Nom-Acc
! Nom-Acc
| ''thriste''
| ''triste''
| ''thristi''
| ''tristi''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''thristi''
| ''tristi''
| ''thristu''
| ''tristu''
|}
|}


Examples:
Examples:
* ''isu unne thriste'' "the sad man"
* ''isu anne triste'' "the sad man"
* ''ise tśaene pirte'' "the green doors"
* ''ise tśaene filte'' "the green doors"
* ''isa filtśa filiekke te une finne thristi'' "the happy daughter of a sad woman"
* ''isa filtśa filiekhe te une finne tristi'' "the happy daughter of a sad woman"


====Comparison====
====Comparison====
The comparative of regular adjectives may be formed with the adverbs ''mai'' "more" or ''mankku'' "less" followed by the positive adjective:
The comparative of regular adjectives may be formed with the adverbs ''mai'' "more" or ''mankhu'' "less" followed by the positive adjective:
* ''mai filiekke'' "happier"
* ''mai filiekke'' "happier"
* ''mankku thriste'' "less sad"
* ''mankhu triste'' "less sad"
* ''mai nu'' "newer"
* ''mai nuu'' "newer"


The object of comparison is introduced with ''qha'', e.g. ''mai khaltu qha fuekku'' "hotter than fire".
The object of comparison is introduced with ''qha'', e.g. ''mai khaltu qha faukhu'' "hotter than fire".


The superlative is formed in the same way with the article preceding either the adverb (in predicates) or the noun (in attributes):
The superlative is formed in the same way with the article preceding either the adverb (in predicates) or the noun (in attributes):
* ''Martsu es isu mai filiekke'' "Martsu is the happiest"
* ''Martsu es isu mai filiekhe'' "Martsu is the happiest"
* ''isa nutte mai lunku'' "the longest night"
* ''isa nutthe mai lunku'' "the longest night"
* ''ise phersuene mai thristi te isu muntu'' "the saddest people in the world"
* ''ise phersuene mai tristi te isu muntu'' "the saddest people in the world"


The following adjectives have irregular comparative forms:
The following adjectives have irregular comparative forms:
Line 276: Line 290:
! style="width: 120px;" | Superlative
! style="width: 120px;" | Superlative
|-
|-
| ''puenu'' "good" || ''meltśuere'' || ''isu meltśuere''
| ''paunu'' "good" || ''meltśuere'' || ''isu meltśuere''
|-
|-
| ''maelu'' "bad" || ''petśuere'' || ''isu petśuere''
| ''maelu'' "bad" || ''petśuere'' || ''isu petśuere''
Line 287: Line 301:
===Numerals===
===Numerals===
====Cardinals====
====Cardinals====
Cardinals are placed before the noun they qualify and most are indeclinable. Only ''unu'' "one", ''tuu'' "two", or compounds ending in these numerals (e.g. ''pintiunu'' "21") are declined, agreeing in gender, number and case with the following noun. As with English, nouns following "one" are in the singular and all other nouns, including those following compounds of "one" are in the plural. Thus, when followed by a noun, a numeral like ''pintiunu'' will always be in the plural (e.g. ''pintiuni khaeni'' "21 dogs". Note that ''khentu'' "hundred" does not decline, but the plural ''-kkenti'' used in compounds has feminine forms ''-kkente'' (NApl) and ''-kkenti'' (GDpl), e.g. ''tukkenti unni'' "two hundred men", ''tukkente finne'' "two hundred women".
Cardinals are placed before the noun they qualify and most are indeclinable. Only ''uenu'' "one", ''tuu'' "two", or compounds ending in these numerals (e.g. ''pintiuenu'' "21") are declined, agreeing in gender, number and case with the following noun. As with English, nouns following "one" are in the singular and all other nouns, including those following compounds of "one" are in the plural. Thus, when followed by a noun, a numeral like ''pintiuenu'' will always be in the plural (e.g. ''pintiueni khaeni'' "21 dogs". Note that ''khentu'' "hundred" does not decline, but the plural ''-khenti'' used in compounds has feminine forms ''-khente'' (NApl) and ''-khenti'' (GDpl), e.g. ''tukhenti anni'' "two hundred men", ''tukhente finne'' "two hundred women".


====Ordinals====
====Ordinals====
The ordinal numerals are adjectives that decline like any other and usually follow the noun they modify, agreeing in gender, case and number with that noun. Note that ''phriemu'' "first" means simply the first in a series when following the noun, but means "foremost, superior" when preceding (e.g. ''isu phriemu arike'' "the foremost king" vs. ''isu arike phriemu'' "the first man").
The ordinal numerals are adjectives that decline like any other and usually follow the noun they modify, agreeing in gender, case and number with that noun. Note that ''priemu'' "first" means simply the first in a series when following the noun, but means "foremost, superior" when preceding (e.g. ''isu priemu arike'' "the foremost king" vs. ''isu arike priemu'' "the first man").


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
Line 298: Line 312:
|-
|-
! 1
! 1
| ''unu, una''
| ''uenu, uena''
| ''phriemu''
| ''priemu''
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
Line 306: Line 320:
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| ''thri''
| ''tri''
| ''thertsu''
| ''theltsu''
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| ''qattru''
| ''qatru''
| ''qartu''
| ''qaltu''
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
Line 322: Line 336:
|-
|-
! 7
! 7
| ''sette''
| ''setthe''
| ''settimu''
| ''setthimu''
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
| ''uttu''
| ''ątthu''
| ''uttaepu, uttimu''
| ''ątthaepu, ątthimu''
|-
|-
! 9
! 9
| ''nuepe''
| ''nuefe''
| ''nunu, nuepimu''
| ''nunu, nuefimu''
|-
|-
! 10
! 10
| ''tekke''
| ''tekhe''
| ''tetsimu''
| ''tetsimu''
|-
|-
Line 346: Line 360:
|-
|-
! 13
! 13
| ''thretsi''
| ''tretsi''
| ''thretsimu''
| ''tretsimu''
|-
|-
! 14
! 14
Line 362: Line 376:
|-
|-
! 17
! 17
| ''tekkesette''
| ''tekhesetthe''
| ''tekkesettimu
| ''tekhesetthimu
|-
|-
! 18
! 18
| ''tekkuttu''
| ''tekhątthu''
| ''tekkuttimu''
| ''tekhątthimu''
|-
|-
! 19
! 19
| ''tekkenupe''
| ''tekkenuefe''
| ''tekkenupimu''
| ''tekkenuefimu''
|-
|-
! 20
! 20
| ''pinti''
| ''finti''
| ''pikkismu'', ''pintimu''
| ''fintimu''
|-
|-
! 21
! 21
| ''pintiunu''
| ''fintiuenu''
| ''pintiunimu''
| ''fintiuenimu''
|-
|-
! 22
! 22
| ''pintituu''
| ''fintituu''
| ''pintituimu''
| ''fintituimu''
|-
|-
! 23  
! 23  
| ''pintittri''
| ''fintitri''
| ''pintittrimu''
| ''fintitriemu''
|-
|-
! 30
! 30
| ''thrinta''
| ''trinta''
| ''thrintimu''
| ''trintimu''
|-
|-
! 40
! 40
Line 406: Line 420:
|-
|-
! 70
! 70
| ''settainta''
| ''setthainta''
| ''settaintimu''
| ''setthaintimu''
|-
|-
! 80
! 80
| ''uttainta''
| ''ąttainta''
| ''uttaintimu''
| ''ąttaintimu''
|-
|-
! 90
! 90
Line 422: Line 436:
|-
|-
! 101
! 101
| ''khentu unu''
| ''khentu uenu''
| ''khentu phrimu''
| ''khentu priemu''
|-
|-
! 102
! 102
| ''khentu tuu''
| ''khentu tuu''
| ''khentu sekkuntu''
| ''khentu sekhuntu''
|-
|-
! 200
! 200
| ''tukkenti''
| ''tukhenti''
| ''tukkentimu''
| ''tukhentimu''
|-
|-
! 300
! 300
| ''thrikkenti''
| ''trikhenti''
| ''thrikkentimu''
| ''trikhentimu''
|-
|-
! 1000
! 1000
Line 446: Line 460:
|}
|}


====Fractions====
Most fractions are identical to their ordinal form, e.g. ''uenu theltsu'' "one third", ''qatru sesti'' "four sixths", ''tri qalti'' "three quarters". The word for "half" is ''metśu''.
There are extended nominal forms indicating standard parts of a whole, ''meithathe'' "half", ''theltsaeltśu'' "third", ''qaltaeltśu'' "quarter", ''tsintaeltśu'' "fifth", ''sestaeltśu'' "sixth".


====Multiplicatives====
Multiplicatives are formed from the cardinal numerals followed by the feminine noun ''fieke'' "time" (pl. ''fieki''), e.g. ''uena fieke'' "once", ''tua fieki'' "twice", ''tri fieki'' "thrice" etc.


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
Line 484: Line 504:
|-  
|-  
! Dat.
! Dat.
| ''nupi''
| ''nufi''
| ''pupi''
| ''pufi''
| ''isi / ise''
| ''isi / ise''
| ''isi''
| ''isi''
| colspan="2;" | ''sipi''
| colspan="2;" | ''sifi''
|}
|}


====Possessive Pronouns====
====Possessive Pronouns====
The possessive pronouns are really adjectives that decline much like any other, agreeing in gender, case and number with the noun they modify. They may be used pronominally as a predicate (e.g. ''{THIS} es thuu'' "this is yours", or adjectivally preceding a noun (e.g. ''thua matre'' "your mother"). There are different pronouns for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons in singular and plural, but no distinction is made between the gender of the 'subject'. The basic (masc. sing.) forms are ''miu'' "my", ''thuu'' "thy, you (sg)", ''suu'' "his, her, its", ''nustru'' "our", ''pustru'' "your (pl.)" and ''isuru'' "their". For example, ''suu khaene'' "his dog" vs ''sua khatta'' "his cat" vs ''sue pakke'' "his cows" vs ''at sue khaese'' "to his house".
The possessive pronouns are really adjectives that decline much like any other, agreeing in gender, case and number with the noun they modify. They may be used pronominally as a predicate (e.g. ''{THIS} es thuu'' "this is yours", or adjectivally preceding a noun (e.g. ''thua maetre'' "your mother"). There are different pronouns for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd persons in singular and plural, but no distinction is made between the gender of the 'subject'. The basic (masc. sing.) forms are ''meu'' "my", ''theu'' "thy, you (sg)", ''seu'' "his, her, its", ''nustru'' "our", ''fustru'' "your (pl.)" and ''isuru'' "their". For example, ''seu khaene'' "his dog" vs ''sua khattha'' "his cat" vs ''sue pakkhe'' "his cows" vs ''at sue khaese'' "to his house".


The full declension is shown below:
The full declension is shown below:
Line 509: Line 529:
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | 1st Sg. <br /> "my"
! style="width: 100px;" rowspan="2;" | 1st Sg. <br /> "my"
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
| ''miu''
| ''meu''
| rowspan="2; | ''mii
| rowspan="2; | ''mei
| ''mia''
| ''mia''
| ''mie''
| ''mie''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''mii''
| ''mei''
| ''mie''
| ''mie''
| ''mii''
| ''mei''
|-
|-
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 2nd Sg. <br /> "thy"
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 2nd Sg. <br /> "thy"
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
| ''thuu''
| ''theu''
| rowspan="2; | ''thui
| rowspan="2; | ''thei
| ''thua''
| ''thua''
| ''thue''
| ''thue''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''thui''
| ''thei''
| ''thue''
| ''thue''
| ''thui''
| ''thei''
|-
|-
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 3rd Sg. <br /> "his, her, its"
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 3rd Sg. <br /> "his, her, its"
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
| ''suu''
| ''seu''
| rowspan="2; | ''sui
| rowspan="2; | ''sei
| ''sua''
| ''sua''
| ''sue''
| ''sue''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''sui''
| ''sei''
| ''sue''
| ''sue''
| ''sui''
| ''sei''
|-
|-
|-
|-
Line 558: Line 578:
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 2nd Pl. <br /> "your"
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 2nd Pl. <br /> "your"
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
! style="width: 100px;" | Nom-Acc
| ''pustru''
| ''fustru''
| rowspan="2; | ''pustri
| rowspan="2; | ''fustri
| ''pustra''
| ''fustra''
| ''pustre''
| ''fustre''
|-
|-
! Gen-Dat.
! Gen-Dat.
| ''pustri''
| ''fustri''
| ''pustre''
| ''fustre''
| ''pustri''
| ''fustri''
|-
|-
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 3rd Pl. <br /> "their"
! style="width: 40px;" rowspan="2;" | 3rd Pl. <br /> "their"
Line 583: Line 603:
===Demonstratives===
===Demonstratives===
The demonstrative pronouns are ''khustu'' "this", ''khullu'' "that", which decline by gender, number and case according to the noun being described (''khustu, khusta, khusti, khuste'' etc.).
The demonstrative pronouns are ''khustu'' "this", ''khullu'' "that", which decline by gender, number and case according to the noun being described (''khustu, khusta, khusti, khuste'' etc.).
===Verbs===
Regular verbs conjugate only in the present and imperfect indicative; all other tenses are composed through periphrasis.
====Regular Verbs====
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! rowspan="2;" style="width: 100px;" |
! colspan="2;" | 1. ''amaere'' "to love"
! colspan="2;" | 2. ''thimiere'' "to fear"
! colspan="2;" | 3. ''pheitre'' "to ask"
|-
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
|-
! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
| ''aemu'' <br /> ''aema'' <br /> ''aema'' <br /> ''amaemu'' <br /> ''amaethi'' <br /> ''aeman''
| ''amaefu'' <br /> ''amaefa'' <br /> ''amaefa'' <br /> ''amafaemu'' <br /> ''amafaethi'' <br /> ''amaefan''
| ''thiemu'' <br /> ''thiemi'' <br /> ''thiemi'' <br /> ''thimiemu'' <br /> ''thimiethi'' <br /> ''thiemun''
| ''thimiefu'' <br /> ''thimiefa'' <br /> ''thimiefa'' <br /> ''thimifaemu'' <br /> ''thimifaethi'' <br /> ''thimiefan''
| ''pheithu'' <br /> ''pheithi'' <br /> ''pheithi'' <br /> ''pheithimu'' <br /> ''pheithithi'' <br /> ''pheithun''
| ''phethiefu'' <br /> ''phethiefa'' <br /> ''phethiefa'' <br /> ''phethifaemu'' <br /> ''phethifaethi'' <br /> ''phethiefan''
|-
! Imperative
| colspan="2;" | ''aema'' (sg.), ''amaethe'' (pl.) || colspan="2;" | ''thiemi'' (sg.) ''thimiethe'' (pl.) || colspan="2;" | ''pheithe'' (sg.), ''pheithithe'' (pl.)
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="2;" | ''amaere'' || colspan="2;" | ''thimiere'' || colspan="2;" | ''pheitre''
|-
! Gerund
| colspan="2;" | ''amantu'' || colspan="2;" | ''thimentu'' || colspan="2;" | ''phethentu
|-
! Past Participle
| colspan="2;" | ''amaethu'' || colspan="2;" | ''thimiethu'' || colspan="2;" | ''pheithithu''
|}
The other tenses are formed by compounding with one of the auxiliary verbs ''esre'' "to be" or ''aere'' "to have":
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Tense !! Auxiliary !! Main Verb !! E.g.
|-
! Past/Perfect
| Present of ''aere'' || Past Participle || ''tśu au amaethu'' "I (have) loved"
|-
! Pluperfect
| Imperfect of ''aere'' || Past Participle || ''tśu afia amaethu'' "I had loved"
|-
! Future
| Present of ''aere'' || Infinitive || ''tśu au amaere'' "I will love"
|-
! Conditional
| Imperfect of ''aere'' || Infinitive || ''tśu afia amaere'' "I would love"
|}
====Irregular Verbs====
: '''To Be'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px;" |
! colspan="2;" | Indicative
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive
! Conditional
|-
! Indicative
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Past
|-
! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
| ''sue'' <br /> ''sei'' <br /> ''ses'' <br /> ''suemu'' <br /> ''seithi'' <br /> ''sun''
| ''eiru'' <br> ''eira'' <br> ''eira'' <br> ''eraemu'' <br> ''eraethi'' <br> ''eiran''
| ''sie'' <br /> ''sie'' <br /> ''sie'' <br /> ''siemu'' <br /> ''siethi'' <br /> ''sin''
| ''fusse'' <br> ''fussi'' <br> ''fussi'' <br> ''fusseimu'' <br> ''fusseithi'' <br> ''fussen''
| ''fueru'' <br> ''fuera'' <br> ''fuera'' <br> ''furaemu'' <br> ''furaethi'' <br> ''fueran''
|-
! Imperative
| colspan="5;" | ''ei'' (sg.), ''este'' (pl.)
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="5;" | ''esre''
|-
! Gerund
| colspan="5;" | ''essentu''
|-
! Past Participle
| colspan="5;" | ''essithu''
|}
: '''Other Irregular Verbs'''
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! style="width: 100px;" |
! colspan="2;" | 1. ''aere'' "to have"
! colspan="2;" | 2. ''taere'' "to give"
! colspan="2;" | 3. ''iere'' "to go"
|-
! Indicative
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
! style="width: 120px;" | Present
! style="width: 120px;" | Imperfect
|-
! 1st Sg <br /> 2nd Sg <br /> 3rd Sg <br /> 1st Pl <br /> 2nd Pl <br /> 3rd Pl
| ''au'' <br> ''ai'' <br> ''ai'' <br> ''aimu'' <br> ''aithi'' <br> ''aun''
| ''afiu'' <br> ''afia'' <br> ''afia'' <br> ''afiaemu'' <br> ''afiaethi'' <br> ''afian''
| ''tau'' <br> ''tai'' <br> ''tai'' <br> ''taemu'' <br> ''taethi'' <br> ''tan''
| ''taefu'' <br> ''taefa'' <br> ''taefa'' <br> ''tafaemu'' <br> ''tafaethi'' <br> ''taefan''
|
|
|-
! Imperative
| colspan="2;" | ''-'' (sg.), ''-'' (pl.) || colspan="2;" | ''taethe'' (pl.) || colspan="2;" |
|-
! Infinitive
| colspan="2;" | ''aere'' || colspan="2;" | ''taere'' || colspan="2;" | ''''
|-
! Gerund
| colspan="2;" | ''afentu'' || colspan="2;" | ''tantu'' || colspan="2;" | ''
|-
! Past Participle
| colspan="2;" | ''aefithu'' || colspan="2;" | ''taethu'' || colspan="2;" | ''''
|}
Like ''taere'' are ''faere'' "to do, make" and ''astaere'' "live, exist".


==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Line 646: Line 796:
| '''body''' || ''khurpu'', m.
| '''body''' || ''khurpu'', m.
|-
|-
| '''believe''' || ''khretre'', ''khreit-''
| '''believe''' || ''kretre'', ''kreit-''
|-
|-
| '''belief''' || ''khretentsa'', f.
| '''belief''' || ''kretentsa'', f.
|-
|-
| '''with''' || ''khun''
| '''with''' || ''khun''
Line 766: Line 916:
| '''hair''' || ''phielu'', m.
| '''hair''' || ''phielu'', m.
|-
|-
| '''rain''' || ''phrutśa'', f.
| '''rain''' || ''prutśa'', f.
|-
|-
| '''door''' || ''tśaena'', f.
| '''door''' || ''tśaena'', f.
Line 818: Line 968:
| '''fear''' || ''thimre'', ''thiem-''
| '''fear''' || ''thimre'', ''thiem-''
|-
|-
| '''sad''' || ''thriste''
| '''sad''' || ''triste''
|-
|-
| '''one''' || ''unu''
| '''one''' || ''unu''
Psammead
803

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/154400...221929"