|
|
| (89 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| [[Qazhrian/Lexicon]]
| | {{list subpages}} |
|
| |
|
| '''Qazhrian''' (/kɑːʒriən/ ''KAHZH-ree-uhn''; natively: ''Qazhrem'' /ˈqaʒrem/ or ''kje Lazhrem'' /ce ˈʟaʒrem/) is a [[Talmic]] language spoken in Qazhra (from Thensarian ''Ȝactrasē''), a [[Verse:Tricin/Etalocin|Talman]] country. It is the third-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers, after Eevo and Anvirese.
| | Talman Lakovic or isolate with mutations, inspired loosely by Welsh |
|
| |
|
| Qazhrian is descended from central and southern dialects of [[Thensarian]].
| | q > l soft mutation |
| ==External history==
| |
| This language was originally called Benocian and was Romance- and Ashkenazi Hebrew-inspired, and it had a strong Portuguese flavor. Recently I decided to rework it, basing the aesthetic more on Albanian and Breton. The name "Qazhrian" is the name of one of Praimhín's old sketches.
| |
| | |
| ==Ideas==
| |
| *Breton-ish but not too gibby. Get more palatal consonants.
| |
| */ts, dz/ from Thensarian /θ ð/
| |
| **d and dz both lenite to z
| |
| */q/ lenites intervocallically to /ʟ/
| |
| */m/ does NOT lenite.
| |
| | |
| ==Diachronics==
| |
| *i ī u ū e o ē ō a ā e ae ao ei eo iu oe ui > i e ou u ë o ō ē a ō ai au e ou u e
| |
| | |
| ==Phonology==
| |
| ===Consonants===
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
| |
| ! colspan="2" |
| |
| ! |Labial
| |
| ! |Alveolar
| |
| ! |Palatal
| |
| ! |Velar
| |
| ! |Uvular
| |
| ! |Glottal
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| |
| | '''m''' /m/
| |
| | '''n''' /n/
| |
| | '''nj''' /ɲ/
| |
| | '''ng''' /ŋ/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Plosive
| |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | '''p''' /p/
| |
| | '''t''' /t/, '''c''' /ts/
| |
| | '''kj''' /c/
| |
| | '''k''' /k/
| |
| | '''q''' /q/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''b''' /b/
| |
| | '''d''' /d/, '''x''' /dz/
| |
| | '''gj''' /ɟ/
| |
| | '''g''' /g/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| |
| ! |<small>voiceless</small>
| |
| | '''f''' /f/
| |
| | '''s''' /s/
| |
| | '''sh''' /ʃ/
| |
| | '''c'h''' /x/
| |
| | '''ħ''' /χ/
| |
| |rowspan="2" | '''h''' /h/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! |<small>voiced</small>
| |
| | '''v''' /v/
| |
| | '''z''' /z/
| |
| | '''zh''' /ʒ/
| |
| | '''gh''' /ɣ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Liquid
| |
| |
| |
| | '''r''' /ɾ/, '''rr''' /r/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| | '''l''' /ɴ̆~ʟ/
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
| |
| | '''w''' /w/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''y''' /j/
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| '''p''' is found in loanwords (e.g. from Clofabic and Windermere).
| |
| | |
| Auslautverhärtung operates for plosives and is reflected in the orthography: ''aqet'' 'to jump; jump!' vs. ''aqedëv'' '[X] jumps'.
| |
| | |
| ===Vowels===
| |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;"
| |
| |+ '''Vowels'''
| |
| ! style="width: 90px; "|
| |
| ! style="width: 90px; " |Front
| |
| ! style="width: 90px; " |Central
| |
| ! style="width: 90px; " |Back
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close
| |
| | '''i''' /i/
| |
| | '''u''' /y/
| |
| | '''ou''' /u/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Close-mid
| |
| | '''e''' /e/
| |
| | '''ë''' /ə/
| |
| | '''o''' /o/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open-mid
| |
| | '''ē''' /ɛ/
| |
| |
| |
| | '''ō''' /ɔ/
| |
| |-
| |
| ! style="" |Open
| |
| |
| |
| | '''a''' /a/
| |
| |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Diphthongs: '''ai au''' /əi əu/; '''ië uë ouë''' /iə yə uə/ from loans
| |
| | |
| ==Morphology==
| |
| ===Mutations===
| |
| Qazhrian has three types of mutations: soft, nasal, and hard.
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Radical''' || p || f || t || c || s || sh || kj || k || q || ħ || b || d || x || z || gj || g
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Soft''' || b || f || d || x || s || sh || gj || g || l || ħ || v || zj || z || z || y || gh
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Nasal''' || p || f || t || c || s || sh || kj || k || l || ħ || m || n || x || z || nj || ng
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Hard''' || p || f || sj || s || c || sh || kj || c'h || ħ || ħ || p || t || c || s || kj || k
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Radical''' || m || n || nj || w || l || rr || y
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Soft''' || m || n || nj || w || l || r || y
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Nasal''' || m || n || nj || w || l || rr || y
| |
| |-
| |
| | '''Hard''' || m || n || nj || gw || gl || gr || gj
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| Examples:
| |
| | |
| *The definite article ''kje-S'' triggers soft mutation.
| |
| *The relativizer ''re-N'' triggers nasal mutation.
| |
| *The complementizer ''yemm-H'' triggers hard mutation.
| |
| | |
| ===Nouns===
| |
| Qazhrian lost grammatical gender and all nominal inflections except number and construct state.
| |
| | |
| There is no indefinite article. The definite article is ''kje'' (< ''φinom''), and it triggers the soft mutation:
| |
| *''tëzh'' 'a child'; ''kje dëzh'' 'the child'
| |
| *''rronn'' 'a man'; ''kje ronn'' 'the man'
| |
| *''kavër'' 'a woman'; ''kje gavër'' 'the woman'
| |
| | |
| Construct state is usually formed with ''-ët'':
| |
| *''tëzhët kje ronn'' 'the man's child'
| |
| | |
| Adjectives lenite after definite nouns: ''rronn garv'' 'a heavy man'; ''kje ronn gharv'' 'the heavy man'.
| |
| | |
| ===Verbs===
| |
| There are finite verbs, but auxiliaries are also important
| |
| | |
| :'''''Aqedëv kje nous lelëzh mrēsh krok kje sauv zrōmëran.'''''
| |
| :/aˈqedəv ce nus ˈʟeʟəʒ mrɛʃ krok ce səuv ˈzrɔməran/
| |
| :jump-3P.NARR the fox brown quick over the dog lazy
| |
| :''The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.''
| |
| | |
| :'''''Rëv stiëvi bēs qōtsav de nec kjouganēr.'''''
| |
| :AUX-3P.PRES idea-PL green color-without at sleep.VN furious-ADV
| |
| :''Colorless green ideas sleep furiously.''
| |
| | |
| ==Syntax==
| |