Riphean: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(101 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
Nithish (''niδiske ṛstine'', from the word ''niδya'' "one's own") is an Indo-European language in the Nithic branch, a satem branch in a clade with [[Azalic]]. It's spoken in Nithland (''Niδyacema''), a parallel-Earth Ukraine and Belarus, and is influenced by Uralic languages. More recently it has absorbed words and calques from various Mediterranean languages.
[[Riphean/Music]]


Modern Nithish is notable for mostly preserving PIE's syllabic approximants, ḷ and ṛ. However, Nithish consonants display various innovations including Grimm's law taken a step further (as in Dutch in our timeline).
'''Riphean''' is a para-Balto-Slavic language of [[Verse:Ed Dynje|Ed Dynje]], spoken in our Poland, Prussia, Latvia and Lithuania. It is inspired by Czech and Dutch.
== TODO ==
* ''dzas'' 'gas' (from g'hh2sos, cognate to ''chaos'')
=== UDHR ===
''Wiži dzíni kiman waleni um lejki zwem chejn um zwame đejžem.''


==Todo==
/ˈʋɪ{{ž}}ɪ ˈdziːɲɪ ˈkɪman ˈʋaleɲɪ ɪm ˈlɛjkɪ zʋɛm xɛjn ɪm ˈzʋamɛ ˈðɛjʒɛm/


''Kīwaiđaza kala in utnė vlōye'' - The living fish swims in water.
(um ~ Latin ambō)


''lauzme'' - world, from *lewk-mn; stem ''lauzmen-''
hejn ~ τῑμή 'honor', đejše ~ teisė


''vrirasti'' - nature
== Phonology ==
Riphean has consistent initial stress and a prosody similar to Czech.


''zaurasti'' - nurture
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns and adjectives ===
<poem>
'the happy person'
nom. zachistľuwe dzín, zachistľuwi dzíni
acc. zachistľuwou dzín, zachistľuwej dzíni
gen. zachistľuwez dzínez, zachistľuwiž dzíni
dat. zachistľuwem dzín, zachistľuwame dzínem
</poem>


''-wite'' - science
=== Numerals ===
ejn, twá, đrí, cheđur, víg, zešt, zevouđ, estuđ, ňouđ, tezou


*''vamēzwite'', ''xīmye'' - chemistry
ejnľez, twáľez, đríľez, cheđurľez, víľez, zešľez, zevaľez, estľez, ňouľez, twácouđi
**''vamēzwitina panta'' - chemical bond
*''sternawite'' - astronomy
*''wistōrye'' - history (later coinage)
''nepalaste'' - anesthesia
*''nepalastwite'' - anesthesiology
''trōkzaiđaste'' - synesthesia


''zaiđna'' - sensory
đrícouđi, cheđurcouđi, vícouđi, zešcouđi, zevacouđi, escouđi, ňucouđi, stou? (random change from kmtom -> ktom, influenced by the ordinal stouđe <- ktm-tos)
 
== Swadesh list ==
''trōkna'' - concomitant, ''trōken'' - together
<poem>
 
I: ec
''yēre, lėđe, azanye, cīme'' - seasons
thou: đu
 
he: iž
''azaniđi'' - to harvest, to earn (semantics influenced by the English cognate)
we: muž
 
ye: juž
''lėđe'' - (poetic) year
they:
 
this: siđe
''weđa'' - year
that: đađe
 
here: sur
''ōster'' - morning
there: đur
 
</poem>
''uđrni'' - noon
 
''sletuđrni'' - afternoon
 
''wespra'' - evening
 
''naiđ'' - night
 
''skīye'' - shadow
 
''skēwiđi'' - to walk
 
''wart'' - plant
 
''cweri'' - animal
 
''sēne'' - fungus
 
''vratānik'' - prokaryote
 
''zōtānik'' - eukaryote
 
==Numbers==
aina, twā, δriye, xeδure, vaixe, zes, zevu, astu, nȯ, teγu
 
==Grammar==
Nithish has three noun genders, termed animate, inanimate and collective by native grammarians. These correspond to masculine, neuter and feminine genders in other Indo-European languages. The correlation between grammatical gender and biological gender is much less in Nithish than in other IE languages, due to the influence of Uralic languages.
 
As in Latin and Greek, Nithish has various declension paradigms for nouns. Some common ones are:
*first declension nouns - inanimate suffixless, animate ''-a'', collective ''-e''
*second declension nouns - ''-i'', independent of gender
*third declension nouns - ''-u'', independent of gender
 
Gender has been almost completely regularized in Nithish, again due to Uralic influence -- it is correlated with morphology, so all nouns ending in ''-e'' are collective, even nouns like ''aste'' (bone), which derives from the Old Nithish neuter noun ''haste''. Most notably, Nithish pronouns do not inflect for gender, as in Armenian and Persian, but adjectives do; adjective genders follow lexical animacy when the noun is second or third declension and they follow nominal morphology for first declension nouns. There is also a distinction between attributive and predicative adjectives, with predicative adjectives never taking suffixes:
* En sive atvėziδe. "It is a good document".
* Ene atvėziδe siv. "That document is good".
 
An example animate noun: kala "fish"
*Nominative: kala, kalė
*Accusative: kalu, kalė/kalō
*Genitive: kalas, kalō
*Dative: kalė, kalām
*Instrumental: kalam, kalėm
 
An example collective noun: pluze "flea"
*Nominative: pluze, pluzė
*Accusative: pluzai, pluzė/pluzō
*Genitive: pluzes, pluzō
*Dative: pluzēvi, pluzēm
*Instrumental: pluzai, pluzėm
 
A neuter noun: tėđ "child"
*Nominative: tėđ, tėđe
*Accusative: tėđ, tėđe/tėđō
*Genitive: tėđas, tėđō
*Dative: tėđė, tėđām
*Instrumental: tėđam, tėđėm
 
===Adjectives===
While Nithish doesn't have definite articles, Nithish adjectives inflect for definiteness. There are generally two forms for adjectives, the indefinite form and the definite form formed by postposing a clitic -za, -ze or -δa. The rules are as follows:
*-za after animate singular nominative nouns
*-ze after collective singular nominative and accusative nouns
*-δa elsewhere
 
===Verbs===
 
Verbs in Nithish do not inflect for aspect but there are lexical aspects, formed from prefixes (analogous to phrasal verbs in English), root extensions and sometimes suppletion. There are three tenses in Nithish: nonpast, direct past and inferential past, the latter deriving from an Old Nithish pluperfect tense.
 
==Syntax==
 
Syntax in Nithish is quite free.

Latest revision as of 02:57, 1 April 2024

Riphean/Music

Riphean is a para-Balto-Slavic language of Ed Dynje, spoken in our Poland, Prussia, Latvia and Lithuania. It is inspired by Czech and Dutch.

TODO

  • dzas 'gas' (from g'hh2sos, cognate to chaos)

UDHR

Wiži dzíni kiman waleni um lejki zwem chejn um zwame đejžem.

/ˈʋɪʒɪ ˈdziːɲɪ ˈkɪman ˈʋaleɲɪ ɪm ˈlɛjkɪ zʋɛm xɛjn ɪm ˈzʋamɛ ˈðɛjʒɛm/

(um ~ Latin ambō)

hejn ~ τῑμή 'honor', đejše ~ teisė

Phonology

Riphean has consistent initial stress and a prosody similar to Czech.

Morphology

Nouns and adjectives

'the happy person'
nom. zachistľuwe dzín, zachistľuwi dzíni
acc. zachistľuwou dzín, zachistľuwej dzíni
gen. zachistľuwez dzínez, zachistľuwiž dzíni
dat. zachistľuwem dzín, zachistľuwame dzínem

Numerals

ejn, twá, đrí, cheđur, víg, zešt, zevouđ, estuđ, ňouđ, tezou

ejnľez, twáľez, đríľez, cheđurľez, víľez, zešľez, zevaľez, estľez, ňouľez, twácouđi

đrícouđi, cheđurcouđi, vícouđi, zešcouđi, zevacouđi, escouđi, ňucouđi, stou? (random change from kmtom -> ktom, influenced by the ordinal stouđe <- ktm-tos)

Swadesh list

I: ec
thou: đu
he: iž
we: muž
ye: juž
they:
this: siđe
that: đađe
here: sur
there: đur

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Riphean&oldid=367045"