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*Basic syllabic structure is CV, where the '''onset''' (beginning) consonant can be of any type. | *Basic syllabic structure is CV, where the '''onset''' (beginning) consonant can be of any type. | ||
**It is possible to use liquids and approximants as '''glides''' (CLV) between the onset and the rime (ending). | **It is possible to use liquids and approximants as '''glides''' (CLV) between the onset and the rime (ending). | ||
**Up to two consonants may appear in the onset (CCV), especially fricative-plosive combinations, but never two plosives: ''stak'', ''fkos'', ''ksaru''. | **Up to two consonants with same voicing may appear in the onset (CCV), especially fricative-plosive combinations, but never two plosives: ''stak'', ''fkos'', ''ksaru''. Affricate ''ts'' takes may be accompanied only by ''w'', ''j'', ''n'' or ''m'': ''tsma''. Combination /sl/ has turned into /ɬ/. | ||
*'''Nucleus''' can be either a vowel or a liquid, thus CVC and CLC are also possible syllables. | *'''Nucleus''' can be either a vowel or a liquid, thus CVC and CLC are also possible syllables. | ||
**Vowels (diphthongs included) may exist as a stand-alone nucleic syllable (V), mostly in the beginning or at the end of a word. | **Vowels (diphthongs included) may exist as a stand-alone nucleic syllable (V), mostly in the beginning or at the end of a word. | ||
*'''Coda''' (final) may consist of up to three consonants with | *'''Coda''' (final) may consist of up to three consonants with possible structures: NS, FS, LS; NF, SF, LF; NL, SL, FL; NSF, LSF, NSL (Nasal, Stop, Fricative, Liquid). Three-consonant clusters are rare word-medially and receive a schwa after the non-lateral stop: ''kamps'' /kämps/ → *''kampsta'' → ''kamposta'' /kämpəsˈtä/ | ||
**Approximants ''j'', ''w'' and plain voiced plosives | **Approximants ''j'', ''w'' and plain voiced plosives never appear as coda (final) even though they may be written that way: ''nad'' /nät/. Voiced fricatives rarely appear as coda. | ||
**In coda, plosives with lateral release, however, will reflect the voicing of the onset: ''gatl'' /gädˡl̩/ vs. ''katl'' /kätˡl̩/ | **In coda, plosives with lateral release, however, will reflect the voicing of the onset: ''gatl'' /gädˡl̩/ vs. ''katl'' /kätˡl̩/ | ||
*Closed syllables, i.e. those ending in coda, are not as common word-medially as open syllables (ending in nucleus) are. | *Closed syllables, i.e. those ending in coda, are not as common word-medially as open syllables (ending in nucleus) are. | ||
**Voicing status must be the same for consonants touching at syllable boundaries and the voiced one reduces into voiceless: ''katba'' /kätpä/ vs. ''kat ba'' /kät<sup>(h)</sup> bä/ | **Voicing status must be the same for consonants touching at syllable boundaries and the voiced one reduces into voiceless: ''katba'' /kätpä/ vs. ''kat ba'' /kät<sup>(h)</sup> bä/ | ||
===Stress=== | |||
Primary stress is on the second syllable unless it contains the schwa ''o'' or is preceded by a syllable with a syllabic consonant. | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||