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Shum: Difference between revisions
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|image = | |image = | ||
|imagesize = | |imagesize = | ||
|creator = | |creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]] | ||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = llhau syuun | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation= | ||
|setting = [[Verse: | |setting = [[Verse:Schngellstein]] | ||
|region = Bjeheond | |region = Bjeheond | ||
|familycolor=hmong-mien | |familycolor=hmong-mien | ||
|fam1= | |fam1= | ||
|script= | |script= | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
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''' | '''Shum''' (''shoom''; native name ''llhau syuun'') is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ! !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Retroflex Lateral !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || ''' | | Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''tt''' /t̪/ || || '''t''' /ʈ/ || '''tl''' /ʈᶩ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || ''' | | Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''tth''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''th''' /ʈʰ/ || '''tlh''' /ʈᶩʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || ''' | | Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''dd''' /d̪/ || || '''d''' /ɖ/ || '''dl''' /ɖᶩ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || ''' | | Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''ddh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''dh''' /ɖʰ/ || '''dlh''' /ɖᶩʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || ''' | | Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''nn''' /n̪/ || || '''n''' /ɳ/ || '''nl''' /ɳᶩ/ || '''nj''' /ɲ/ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || ''' | | Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nnh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''nh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''nlh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || '''njh''' /ɲʰ/ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Fricative || || || ''' | | Fricative || || || '''ss''' /s/ || || '''s''' /ʂ/ || || '''sy''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ || || || || '''y''' /j/ || || | | Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ || || '''ll''' /l/ || || '''l''' /ɺ̢/ || '''y''' /j/ || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || || || || || | | Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || '''llh''' /lʰ/ || || '''lh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || || || | |||
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || || | |||
|} | |} | ||
===Rimes=== | ===Rimes=== | ||
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with mid (33) | * aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled ''at it ut ah ih uh'') | ||
* a | * aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled ''att itt utt aha ihi uhu'') | ||
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled ''a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu'') with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping | ! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Spelling || | | Spelling || || n || b || d || j || s | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Registers=== | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Shum is completely isolating and head-initial. | |||
* '' | * ''tlan'' (I), ''mhais'' (boat) ⇒ ''mhais tlan'' (my boat) | ||
* '' | * ''ruub'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''be ruub'' (tears) | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (''tlan'' is used only in textbooks) | |||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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==Lexicon== | ==Lexicon== | ||
*nlhaha 'fire' | |||
*be 'water' | |||
*tlan 'I' | |||
*mhais 'boat' | |||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||