Linguifex

Shum: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Shum (view source)

Revision as of 23:10, 3 February 2022

238 bytes added ,  3 February 2022
m
no edit summary
No edit summary
mNo edit summary
 
(48 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Shumian''' (native name ''ṣùm lhau'') is a monosyllabic language inspired by Marathi, Hmoob and IlL's Reber Wiebian.
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = llhau syuun
|pronunciation= 
|setting = [[Verse:Schngellstein]]
|region = Bjeheond
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=
|script=
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}
 
 
'''Shum''' (''shoom''; native name ''llhau syuun'') is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Line 30: Line 47:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Retroflex Lateral !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''t''' /t̪/ || || '''ṭ''' /ʈ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''th''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''ṭh''' /ʈʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ ||
|-
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''d''' /d̪/ || || '''ḍ''' /ɖ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
|-
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''dh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''ḍʰ''' /ɖʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''n''' /n̪/ || || '''ṇ''' /ɳ/ || '''ñ''' /ɲ/ || ||
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''tt''' /t̪/ || || '''t''' /ʈ/ || '''tl''' /ʈᶩ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
|-
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''ṇh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''ñh''' /ɲʰ/ || ||
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''tth''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''th''' /ʈʰ/ || '''tlh''' /ʈᶩʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Fricative || || || '''s''' /s/ || || '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ || '''ś''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''dd''' /d̪/ || || '''d''' /ɖ/ || '''dl''' /ɖᶩ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
|-
|-
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ || || || || '''y''' /j/ || ||
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''ddh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''dh''' /ɖʰ/ || '''dlh''' /ɖᶩʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || || || || ||
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''nn''' /n̪/ || || '''n''' /ɳ/ || '''nl''' /ɳᶩ/ || '''nj''' /ɲ/ || ||
|-
|-
| Lateral || || || '''l''' /l/ || || '''ḷ''' /ɺ̢/ || || ||
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nnh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''nh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''nlh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || '''njh''' /ɲʰ/ || ||
|-
|-
| Murmured lateral || || || '''lh''' /lʰ/ || || '''ḷh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || ||
| Fricative || || || '''ss''' /s/ || || '''s''' /ʂ/ || || '''sy''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
| Laterally released nasal || || || || || '''ṇḷ''' /ɳᶩ/ || || ||
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ ||  || '''ll''' /l/ || || '''l''' /ɺ̢/ || '''y''' /j/ || ||
|-
|-
| Murmured laterally released nasal || || || || || '''ṇḷh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || || ||
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || '''llh''' /lʰ/ || || '''lh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || ||
|-
|-
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || ||
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || || ||
|}
|}


===Rimes===
===Rimes===


* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with mid (33) and low (22) tones (spelled ''a i u aḥ iḥ uḥ'')
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled ''at it ut ah ih uh'')
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: im~ĩ: um~ũ: with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones (spelled ''ā e ī o ū ai au aṁ iṁ uṁ'')
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled ''att itt utt aha ihi uhu'')


===Tones===
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled ''a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu'') with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 72: Line 81:
! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping
! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping
|-
|-
| Spelling || a || à || á || â || ä || ǎ
| Spelling || || n || b || d || j || s
|}
|}


===Old Shumian===
===Registers===
 
Old Shumian had a much simpler sound system, with fewer consonants and no tones.


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Line 87: Line 94:
===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Shumian is completely isolating.
Shum is completely isolating and head-initial.


* ''ṇā̀'' (I), ''mhäi'' (boat) ⇒ ''ṇā̀ mhäi'' (my boat)
* ''tlan'' (I), ''mhais'' (boat) ⇒ ''mhais tlan'' (my boat)
* ''rúm'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''rúm be'' (tears)
* ''ruub'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''be ruub'' (tears)
 
===Pronouns===
 
Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (''tlan'' is used only in textbooks)


==Numbers==
==Numbers==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Number !! Shumian
|-
| 0 || dó
|-
| 1 || lê
|-
| 2 || bàḥ
|-
| 3 || vûṁ
|-
| 4 || pai
|-
| 5 || śaṁ
|-
| 6 || śū̂
|-
| 7 || ñai
|-
| 8 || rìṁ
|-
| 9 || ḍiḥ
|-
| 10 || kū
|-
| 11 || nā̌
|-
| 12 || ū
|-
| 144 || vī̈
|-
| 1728 || dâu
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==


Shumian is consistently head-final.
Word order is SVO; adjectives and relative clauses come before nouns; there are postpositions instead of prepositions; determiners and classifiers are placed before the noun; complementizers are head-initial.


===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
Line 141: Line 117:


==Lexicon==
==Lexicon==
 
*nlhaha 'fire'
ṇḷàḥ ← *ngraskh 'fire'
*be 'water'
*tlan 'I'
*mhais 'boat'


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
IlL
138,726

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/71416...258894"