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'''Shumian''' (native name ''ṣùm lhau'') is a monosyllabic language inspired by Marathi, Hmoob and IlL's Reber Wiebian.
{{Infobox language
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = llhau syuun
|pronunciation= 
|setting = [[Verse:Schngellstein]]
|region = Bjeheond
|familycolor=hmong-mien
|fam1=
|script=
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}
 
 
'''Shum''' (''shoom''; native name ''llhau syuun'') is a tonal language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of Inthar's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.


==Introduction==
==Introduction==
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
!  !! Bilabial !! Labiodental !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Retroflex !! Retroflex Lateral !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
|-
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''t''' /t̪/ || || '''ṭ''' /ʈ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''th''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''ṭh''' /ʈʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ ||
|-
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''d''' /d̪/ || || '''ḍ''' /ɖ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
|-
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''dh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''ḍʰ''' /ɖʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''n''' /n̪/ || || '''ṇ''' /ɳ/ || '''ñ''' /ɲ/ || ||
| Voiceless stop || '''p''' /p/ || || '''tt''' /t̪/ || || '''t''' /ʈ/ || '''tl''' /ʈᶩ/ || '''c''' /c/ || '''k''' /k/ ||
|-
|-
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''ṇh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''ñh''' /ɲʰ/ || ||
| Aspirated stop || '''ph''' /pʰ/ || || '''tth''' /t̪ʰ/ || || '''th''' /ʈʰ/ || '''tlh''' /ʈᶩʰ/ || '''ch''' /cʰ/ || '''kh''' /kʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Fricative || || || '''s''' /s/ || || '''ṣ''' /ʂ/ || '''ś''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/
| Voiced stop || '''b''' /b/ || || '''dd''' /d̪/ || || '''d''' /ɖ/ || '''dl''' /ɖᶩ/ || '''j''' /ɟ/ || '''g''' /ɡ/ ||
|-
|-
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ || || || || '''y''' /j/ || ||
| Murmured stop || '''bh''' /bʰ/ || || '''ddh''' /d̪ʰ/ || || '''dh''' /ɖʰ/ || '''dlh''' /ɖᶩʰ/ || '''jh''' /ɟʰ/ || '''gh''' /ɡʰ/ ||
|-
|-
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || || || || ||
| Nasal || '''m''' /m/ || || '''nn''' /n̪/ || || '''n''' /ɳ/ || '''nl''' /ɳᶩ/ || '''nj''' /ɲ/ || ||
|-
|-
| Lateral || || || '''l''' /l/ || || '''ḷ''' /ɺ̢/ || || ||
| Murmured nasal || '''mh''' /mʰ/ || || '''nnh''' /n̪ʰ/ || || '''nh''' /ɳʰ/ || '''nlh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || '''njh''' /ɲʰ/ || ||
|-
|-
| Murmured lateral || || || '''lh''' /lʰ/ || || '''ḷh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || ||
| Fricative || || || '''ss''' /s/ || || '''s''' /ʂ/ || || '''sy''' /ç~ɕ/ || || '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
| Laterally released nasal || || || || || '''ṇḷ''' /ɳᶩ/ || || ||
| Approximant || || '''v''' /ʋ/ ||  || '''ll''' /l/ || || '''l''' /ɺ̢/ || '''y''' /j/ || ||
|-
|-
| Murmured laterally released nasal || || || || || '''ṇḷh''' /ɳᶩʰ/ || || ||
| Murmured approximant || || '''vh''' /ʋʰ/ || || '''llh''' /lʰ/ || || '''lh''' /ɺ̢ʰ/ || || ||
|-
|-
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || ||
| Trill || || || || '''r''' /r/ || || || || ||
|}
|}


===Rimes===
===Rimes===


* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with mid (33) and low (22) tones (spelled ''a i u aḥ iḥ uḥ'')
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled ''at it ut ah ih uh'')
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: im~ĩ: um~ũ: with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones (spelled ''ā e ī o ū ai au aṁ iṁ uṁ'')
* aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled ''att itt utt aha ihi uhu'')


===Tones===
* a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled ''a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu'') with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping
! Tone !! Mid !! Low !! Rising !! Falling !! Dipping !! High dipping
|-
|-
| Spelling || a || à || á || â || ä || ǎ
| Spelling || || n || b || d || j || s
|}
|}


===Old Shumian===
===Registers===
 
Old Shumian had a much simpler sound system, with fewer consonants and no tones. The phonotactics though were more complicated; Old Shumian words could begin with up to three consecutive consonants.


===Prosody===
===Prosody===
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===Morphophonology===
===Morphophonology===
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Shumian is completely isolating and head-final.
Shum is completely isolating and head-initial.


* ''ṇā̀'' (I), ''mhäi'' (boat) ⇒ ''ṇā̀ mhäi'' (my boat)
* ''tlan'' (I), ''mhais'' (boat) ⇒ ''mhais tlan'' (my boat)
* ''rúm'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''rúm be'' (tears)
* ''ruub'' (eye), ''be'' (water) ⇒ ''be ruub'' (tears)


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===


Shumian pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (ṇā̀ is used only in textbooks)
Shum pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (''tlan'' is used only in textbooks)
 
===Remnants of Old Shumian morphology===
Some nouns derive from Old Shumian patientives marked with the prefix s- (mercilessly stolen from Lushootseed):
 
ḍū̌ 'sing' (from *druku) -> ḍhū̌ (from *sdruku)


==Numbers==
==Numbers==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Number !! Shumian
|-
| 0 || dó
|-
| 1 || lê
|-
| 2 || bhàḥ
|-
| 3 || vûṁ
|-
| 4 || pai
|-
| 5 || śaṁ
|-
| 6 || śū̂
|-
| 7 || nhai
|-
| 8 || rìṁ
|-
| 9 || lhiḥ
|-
| 10 || kū
|-
| 11 || nā̌
|-
| 12 || ū
|-
| 144 || vī̈
|-
| 1728 || dhâu
|}


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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==Lexicon==
==Lexicon==
 
*nlhaha 'fire'
ṇḷhàḥ ← *sŋrasx 'fire'
*be 'water'
*tlan 'I'
*mhais 'boat'


==Other resources==
==Other resources==
IlL
138,726

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