Skyrdagor: Difference between revisions

187 bytes added ,  10 November 2018
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The same observations made with the indefinite forms about uses apply here (and in all other forms): Tulfasyzdor, most of Gorjanor, and SE Karynaktjor do not distinguish 2Sm and 2Sf; Askandor does not use 2P forms.<br/>
The same observations made with the indefinite forms about uses apply here (and in all other forms): Tulfasyzdor, most of Gorjanor, and SE Karynaktjor do not distinguish 2Sm and 2Sf; Askandor does not use 2P forms.<br/>
The 1S object affix is ''va-'', but assumes the form ''v-'' before single consonants (apart ''v'' itself); in many dialects, including Skyrdegan Skyrdagor, it is often pronounced as [u] before voiceless consonants, e.g. ''vkogjol'' [uˈkɔʝɔl] (Skyrdegan), [uˈkɔdʒoː] (Karynaktjor) "you see me". ''avkog'' is the reflexive.
The 1S object affix is ''va-'', but assumes the form ''v-'' before single consonants (apart ''v'' itself); in many dialects, including Skyrdegan Skyrdagor, it is often pronounced as [u] before voiceless consonants, e.g. ''vkogjol'' [uˈkɔʝɔl] (Skyrdegan), [uˈkɔdʒoː] (Karynaktjor) "you see me". ''avkog'' is the reflexive.-->


===Numerals===
===Numerals===
Skyrdagor numerals are decimal and fairly regularly formed, but their complexity lies in having different forms for counting people, non-people, and general numbers. Another complexity is the orthography, as the numbers are written fully but pronunciation has often considerably modified them.
Skyrdagor numerals are decimal and formed regularly:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Digit !! Disjunctive !! Pronunciation !! Non-human !! Pronunciation !! Human !! Pronunciation
! Digit !! Cardinal !! Pronunciation !! Ordinal !! Pronunciation
|-
|-
! 0
! 0
| gozd || [gɔzd] || colspan=4 |
| harga || {{IPA|[hɒ˞]}} || colspan=2 |
|-
|-
! 1
! 1
| yszp || [ɯsp] || rjaka || [rjakə] or [rjag] || kjodh || [ɕɔð]
| ejlan || {{IPA|[eːɮɑn]}} || rjaka<br/>nahing<ref>Chlouvānem borrowing, more formal.</ref> || {{IPA|[c͡çæka]}}<br/>{{IPA|[naçiŋ]}}
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
| skeg || [ɧɛː] or [ɧa] || skejsa || [ɧɛjʃ] || ylvop || [uːˈwɔp]
| cynth || {{IPA|[t͡sɯnθ]}} || morgjag || {{IPA|[mɚʝɒː]}}
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| thus || [θuʃ] || thus || [θuʃ] || thusnydh || [θuʃnɯ(ð)]
| tojdh || {{IPA|[tɔɪ̯ð]}} || tyjkro || {{IPA|[tʊɪ̯krɔ]}}
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| thlegdhen || [θlɛðən] || thlogek || [θlɔjk] || thlegdhnydh || [θlɛðnɯ(ð)]
| skivl || {{IPA|[ɧʊɪ̯ɮ]}} || skivolskro || {{IPA|[ɧivɔɬkrɔ]}}
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
| arsz || [ɚs] || arsk || [ɚʃ(k)] || arsnydh || [ɚʃnɯ(ð)]
| kurd || {{IPA|[kɯ˞d]}} || kurdyfjo || {{IPA|[kɯ˞dɯfjo]}}
|-
|-
! 6
! 6
| hszez || [xsɛz] || hszak || [xsak] || hszejnydh || [xsɛjnɯ(ð)]
| ineg || {{IPA|[ina]}} || inegfjo || {{IPA|[inafjo]}}
|-
|-
! 7
! 7
| noth || [nɔθ] || noth || [nɔθ] || nodhnydh || [nɔðnɯ(ð)]
| tyjzmig || {{IPA|[tʊɪ̯zmeː]}} || tyjzmigfjo || {{IPA|[tʊɪ̯zmeːfjo]}}
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
| nyski || [nɯɧ] || nyski || [nɯɧ] || nysknydh || [nɯʃnɯ(ð)]
| namcig || {{IPA|[namt͡seː]}} || namcigfjo || {{IPA|[namt͡seːfjo]}}
|-
|-
! 9
! 9
| kjorsth || [ɕɚʃ(ː)] || kjorsk || [ɕɚʃk] || kjethnydh || [ɕɛθnɯ(ð)]
| hjevszmig || {{IPA|[c͡çeːsmeː]}} || hjevszmigfjo || {{IPA|[c͡çeːsmeːfjo]}}
|-
|-
! 10
! 10
| skid || [ɧid] || skid || [ɧid] || skatszka || [skatska]
| mjog || {{IPA|[mjɔː]}} || mjogfjo || {{IPA|[mjɔːfjo]}}
|}
|}


These are the basic digits used: numbers inside tens are formed by using one of these followed by ''el'' (over) and the combining form of the multiple of ten (replace ''-id'' with ''-a''). For example, if "two", "two apples", "two women" are ''skeg'', ''skejsa vzsok'', and ''ylvop lezsa'' respectively, "twelve", "twelve apples", "twelve women" are ''skeg el ska'', ''skejsa vzsok el ska'', and ''ylvop lezsa el ska''. All of these forms, however, are very varying in pronunciation:
These are the basic digits used: numbers inside tens are formed by using one of these followed by ''er'' (over) and the multiple of ten. Nouns counted are put before ''er'', as in ''cynth komg'' "two words", ''mjog komg'' "ten words", but ''cynth komg er mjog'' {{IPA|[t͡sɯnθ ˈkɔm‿ɚmjɔː]}} "twelve words".
Ordinals are all regularly formed by adding ''na fjo'' {{IPA|[nujo]}} (literally "in line"), e.g. ''cynth er mjog na fjo komg'' "twelfth word"
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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|-
|-
! 11
! 11
| yszp el ska || [ɯsfəlʃkə]
| ejlan er mjog || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚmjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 12
! 12
| skeg el ska || [ɧɛlʃkə]
| cynth er mjog || {{IPA|[t͡sɯnθɚmjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 13
! 13
| thus el ska || [θuʃəlʃkə]
| tojdh er mjog || {{IPA|[tɔjɚmjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 14
! 14
| thlegdhen el ska || [θlɛðləʃkə]
| skivl er mjog || {{IPA|[ɧʊɪ̯ɮɚmjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 15
! 15
| arsz el ska || [ɚsəlʃkə]
| kurd er mjog || {{IPA|[kɯ˞dɚmjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 16
! 16
| hszez el ska || [xsɛʃʃkə]
| ineg er mjog || {{IPA|[inɒ˞mjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 17
! 17
| noth el ska || [nɔθləʃkə]
| tyjzmig er mjog || {{IPA|[tʊɪ̯zmɪ˞mjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 18
! 18
| nyski el ska || [nɯɧilɕkə]
| namcig er mjog || {{IPA|[namtsɪ˞mjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 19
! 19
| kjorsth el ska || [ɕɚʃəlʃkə]
| hjevszmig er mjog || {{IPA|[c͡çeːsmɪ˞mjɔː]}}
|-
|-
! 20
! 20
| szrogy || [ɧrɔː]
| necyg || {{IPA|[net͡sɘː]}}
|-
|-
! 21
! 21
| yszp el szroga || [ɯsfəlɧrɔː]
| ejlan er necyg || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚnet͡s]}}
|-
|-
! 30
! 30
| thusatskid || [θuɕːid]
| tudhyg || {{IPA|[tuðɘː]}}<br/>{{IPA|[tu.ɘː]}}<ref>Less formal.</ref>
|-
|-
! 31
! 31
| yszp el thusatska || [ɯsfəlθuʃʃə]
| ejlan er tudhyg || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚtuː]}}
|-
|-
! 40
! 40
| thlegskid || [θlɛɧid]
| skivolmoj || {{IPA|[ɧivɔɮmɔɪ̯]}}
|-
! 41
| ejlan er skivolmoj || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚɧʊɪ̯ma]}}
|-
|-
! 50
! 50
| arsskid || [ɚɧid]
| kortyngoj || {{IPA|[kɚtɯŋɔɪ̯]}}
|-
! 51
| ejlan er kortyngoj || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚkɚŋa]}}
|-
|-
! 60
! 60
| hszezsskid || [xsɛʒid]
| nojzsmoj || {{IPA|[nɔɪ̯ʒmɔɪ̯]}}
|-
! 61
| ejlan er nojzsmoj || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚnɔʒma]}}
|-
|-
! 70
! 70
| nothskid || [nɔɧid]
| tydhszkjars || {{IPA|[tɘːsc͡çɒ˞ʃ]}}
|-
! 71
| ejlan er tydhszkjars || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚtɯsc͡çɒ˞ʃ]}}
|-
|-
! 80
! 80
| nyskskid || [nɯɧid]
| neckjars<br/>necszkjars<ref>Archaic.</ref> || {{IPA|[nɛtsc͡çɒ˞ʃ]}}
|-
! 81
| ejlan er neckjars || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚ(n)sc͡çɒ˞ʃ]}}
|-
|-
! 90
! 90
| kjorsthskid || [ɕɚɧid]
| myngckjars || {{IPA|[mɯŋtsc͡çɒ˞ʃ]}}
|-
! 91
| ejlan er myngckjars || {{IPA|[eːɮnɚmɯsc͡çɒ˞ʃ]}}
|-
|-
! 100
! 100
| prog || [prɔ]
| kjers || {{IPA|[c͡çɚʃ]}}
|}
|}


Numbers above 100 are simply made by using the 1-99 one followed by ''zy prog'' (and hundred [zɯˈprɔ]). The hundreds are simply ''prog skeg'', ''prog thus'', ''prog thlegdhen'' and so on. Similarly, 1000 is ''melbryk'' [mɛlbrɯk], 1001 is ''yszp zy melbryk'', 2000 is ''melbryk skeg'' etc.
Numbers above 100 are simply made by using the 1-99 one followed by ''kjers''. The hundreds are simply ''cynth kjers'', ''tojdh kjers'', ''skivl kjers'' and so on. Similarly, 1000 is ''myjngers'' {{IPA|[mʊɪ̯ŋɚʃ]}}, 1001 is ''myjngers ejlan'', 1011 is ''myjngers ejlan er mjog'', 2000 is ''cynth myjngers'' etc.
 
As an example, 2743 translates as ''thus el thlegska zy prog noth zy melbryk skeg'', pronounced [ˈθuʃəlθlɛʃkə zɯprɔˈnɔθ zɯˈmɛlbrɯˌɧa]. "2743 women" is ''thusnydh lezsa el thlegska zy prog noth zy melbryk skeg'' [θuʃnɯ(ð) ˈlɛʒa‿lˈθlɛʃkə zɯprɔˈnɔθ zɯˈmɛlbrɯˌɧa]. -->


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
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