8,510
edits
Skyrdagor: Difference between revisions
m
→Nouns
m (→Verbs) |
m (→Nouns) |
||
| Line 149: | Line 149: | ||
Most Skyrdagor nouns only inflect for two cases (absolutive and ergative), with no number marking on the nouns themselves; generic quantifiers or numbers with classifiers are used instead. Note, though, that some irregular nouns have a third, fossilized, oblique form (used with most adpositions), and there are some apparent singular/plural pairs, which are however usually analyzed as distinct lemmas.<br/>Each noun is defined as naturally animate or inanimate, something that has a notable effect on the whole grammar – inanimate nouns do not exist in the ergative case. | Most Skyrdagor nouns only inflect for two cases (absolutive and ergative), with no number marking on the nouns themselves; generic quantifiers or numbers with classifiers are used instead. Note, though, that some irregular nouns have a third, fossilized, oblique form (used with most adpositions), and there are some apparent singular/plural pairs, which are however usually analyzed as distinct lemmas.<br/>Each noun is defined as naturally animate or inanimate, something that has a notable effect on the whole grammar – inanimate nouns do not exist in the ergative case. | ||
Some Skyrdagor nouns feature obligatory possession, for example the stem ''bajn-'' (mother) cannot occur without a possessive suffix, i.e. ''bajnym'' "my mother", ''bajnth'' "your (<small>M</small>) mother". Most are common stems, such as ''fon-'' (father), ''szyks-'' (leg), ''ljav-'' (head)... The word stem '' | Some Skyrdagor nouns feature obligatory possession, for example the stem ''bajn-'' (mother) cannot occur without a possessive suffix, i.e. ''bajnym'' "my mother", ''bajnth'' "your (<small>M</small>) mother". Most are common stems, such as ''fon-'' (father), ''szyks-'' (leg), ''ljav-'' (head)... The word stem ''hivly-'' (hand) is obligatorily possessed, but it also has the form ''hivlah'' that acts as the numeral "five". | ||
The only inflection in contemporary Skyrdagor – the ergative, as the absolutive is unmarked – is agglutinative, but the last consonant and, sometimes, the last vowel, determines the shape of the suffix: | The only inflection in contemporary Skyrdagor – the ergative, as the absolutive is unmarked – is agglutinative, but the last consonant and, sometimes, the last vowel, determines the shape of the suffix: | ||
| Line 174: | Line 174: | ||
| -yz || colspan=3 | -az | | -yz || colspan=3 | -az | ||
|} | |} | ||
Examples: ''humyg'' [xumoː] "son" → ''humygyz'' [xumoːz]; ''hjezla'' [c͡çe͡ɛːɮa] "woman" → ''hjezlaz'' [c͡çe͡ɛːɮaz]; '' | Examples: ''humyg'' [xumoː] "son" → ''humygyz'' [xumoːz]; ''hjezla'' [c͡çe͡ɛːɮa] "woman" → ''hjezlaz'' [c͡çe͡ɛːɮaz]; ''leharn'' [ɮɛxɒ˞n] "man" → ''leharnaz'' [ɮɛxɒ˞naz]; ''cselsengejel'' [tʃæ͡ɑɬɛŋeːəɮ] "a person from Cselsengeg" → ''cselsengejelyz''; ''halyncs'' [xɑɮɯntʃ] "deer" → ''halyncsjoz'' [xɑɮɯntɕ(ɪ̆)jɔz]. | ||
Obligatorily possessed nouns instead use an ''-(a)sza-'' infix before the possessive, e.g. ''bajnszam'' "my mother <small>(ERG)</small>", ''bajnszath'' "your (m) mother <small>(ERG)</small>"... | Obligatorily possessed nouns instead use an ''-(a)sza-'' infix before the possessive, e.g. ''bajnszam'' "my mother <small>(ERG)</small>", ''bajnszath'' "your (m) mother <small>(ERG)</small>"... | ||