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==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
Skyrdagor is written in an alphabetic, caseless script. By number of languages, it is the third most used script on Calémere (after the Íscégon and the Nivarese scripts) and the most used Eastern one; by number of users, it is the fourth globally and the second Eastern one (the Chlouvānem script has more users than it and the Nivarese one). It is used all throughout Greater Skyrdagor and adapted versions of it are used for Bronic, Fathanic<ref>The Brono-Fathanic version of the Skyrdegan script uses a different, and more archaic, version of the glyph for '''r'''.</ref>, Čathinow, and various indigenous languages of northern Márusúturon. The [[Qualdomelic|Qualdomelic script]] derives from an earlier version of the Skyrdegan script which has not undergone some later simplifications and is traditionally printed (and typed) in a more rounded font, but they're mostly mutually intellegible. | Skyrdagor is written in an alphabetic, caseless script. By number of languages, it is the third most used script on Calémere (after the Íscégon and the Nivarese scripts) and the most used Eastern one; by number of users, it is the fourth globally and the second Eastern one (the Chlouvānem script has more users than it and the Nivarese one). It is used all throughout Greater Skyrdagor and adapted versions of it are used for Bronic, Fathanic<ref>The Brono-Fathanic version of the Skyrdegan script uses a different, and more archaic, version of the glyph for '''r'''.</ref>, Čathinow, and various indigenous languages of northern Márusúturon. The [[Qualdomelic|Qualdomelic script]] derives from an earlier version of the Skyrdegan script which has not undergone some later simplifications and is traditionally printed (and typed) in a more rounded font, but they're mostly mutually intellegible. | ||
===Spellings of vowels=== | |||
Due to the assimilation of coda consonants that happened in most of the Skyrdegan-speaking world since the Imperial koiné was orthographically standardized, many vowel-consonant sequences are actually pronounced as single vowels. Usually the result is a long vowel, but quality may often change from the usual value of the vowel letter. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Skyrdegan short vowels | |||
|- | |||
! Spelling !! Representation<br/><small>''(Tol Sakszyv)''</small> !! Notes | |||
|- | |||
! a | |||
| rowspan=2 | /a/ || | |||
|- | |||
! eg | |||
| /æx/ in Askandor, /ax/ or /aɣ/ in Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! e | |||
| /ɛ/ || | |||
|- | |||
! i | |||
| rowspan=2 | /i/ || | |||
|- | |||
! ik | |||
| /iç/ in Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! o | |||
| /ɔ/ || | |||
|- | |||
! u | |||
| /u/ || | |||
|- | |||
! y | |||
| /ɯ/ || /ɤ/ in Askandor and northern Aksalburjor, /ʉ/ in Lajsmeliher and coastal dialects of Gorjonur | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Skyrdegan rhotic vowels | |||
|- | |||
! Spelling !! Representation<br/><small>''(Tol Sakszyv)''</small> !! Notes | |||
|- | |||
! ar, agar, agor | |||
| /ɒ˞/ || | |||
|- | |||
! er, agir, ogir | |||
| rowspan=2 | /ɚ/ || | |||
|- | |||
! or | |||
| /ɒ˞/ in Karynaktjur, Lajsmeliher, and all of Gorjonur except the southernmost dialects | |||
|- | |||
! ir, egir | |||
| /ɪ˞/ || | |||
|- | |||
! ur, yr | |||
| /ɯ˞/ || | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Skyrdegan long vowels and diphthongs | |||
|- | |||
! Spelling !! Representation<br/><small>''(Tol Sakszyv)''</small> !! Notes | |||
|- | |||
! aj | |||
| /aɪ̯/ || /ɛɪ̯/ in central and southern Karynaktjur, /ɛː/ in coastal Lajsmeliher | |||
|- | |||
! ava, avo, ag(a/o)(v) | |||
| rowspan=2 | /ɒː/ || | |||
|- | |||
! adh | |||
| /að/ in Ylvostyzdor, /ax/ in Askandor | |||
|- | |||
! af, av | |||
| rowspan=2 | /ɔː/ || /aʊ̯/ in Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! og | |||
| /ɔx/ in Askandor, /ɔx/ or /ɔɣ/ in Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! ej | |||
| rowspan=4 | /eː/ || | |||
|- | |||
! edh | |||
| /ɛð/ in Ylvostyzdor, /ex/ in Askandor | |||
|- | |||
! ef, ev | |||
| /ɛʊ̯/ in Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! ig | |||
| /ex/ in Askandor, /ɛx/ or /ɛɣ/ in Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! if | |||
| rowspan=2 | /iː/ || | |||
|- | |||
! idh | |||
| /ið/ in Ylvostyzdor, /ix/ in Askandor | |||
|- | |||
! iv | |||
| /ʊɪ̯/ || /iː/ in Karynaktjur and Lajsmeliher | |||
|- | |||
! oj | |||
| /ɔɪ̯/ || | |||
|- | |||
! odh | |||
| rowspan=3 | /oː/ || /oð/ in Ylvostyzdor, /ox/ in Askandor | |||
|- | |||
! ov | |||
| /uː/ in Askandor, Aksalburjor, Arkjaturjor, northern Insular Skyrdegan, northern Karynaktjur, and northeastern Cselsengegjer | |||
|- | |||
! ug | |||
| /ux/ in Askandor, /ux/ or /uɣ/ in Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! of | |||
| rowspan=4 | /uː/ || /oː/ in Askandor, Aksalburjor, most of Arkjaturjor, and Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! udh | |||
| /uð/ in Ylvostyzdor, /ux/ in Askandor | |||
|- | |||
! uf, uv | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! yv, yl(v)(o/u/y) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! uj | |||
| /uɪ̯/ || | |||
|- | |||
! yj | |||
| /ʊɪ̯/ || /ɘː/ in central Karynaktjur | |||
|- | |||
! yg | |||
| rowspan=3 | /ɘː/ || /ɤx/ in Askandor, /ɯx/ or /ɯɣ/ in Ylvostyzdor | |||
|- | |||
! yf | |||
| /ɤː/ in Askandor | |||
|- | |||
! ydh | |||
| /ɯð/ in Ylvostyzdor, /ɤx/ in Askandor | |||
|} | |||
Note that, in Askandor, '''Vth''' sequences are also /Vx/ like the '''Vdh''' ones, but they are /Vθ/ in Tol Sakszyv and most other dialects. | |||
<!-- ===Romanization=== | <!-- ===Romanization=== | ||
In all of the present article, sound transcriptions are from Skyrdegan Skyrdagor unless noted. Its romanization mostly follows IPA letters, but: | In all of the present article, sound transcriptions are from Skyrdegan Skyrdagor unless noted. Its romanization mostly follows IPA letters, but: | ||