Tchwerian: Difference between revisions
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'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wieber-Müđel'' (''jidd moon'') or '' | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''Wieber-Müđel'' (''jidd moon'') or ''Feiden-Müđel'' (''??? moon'')) is a lect of Modern [[Wiebian]] with a large number of tones. {{PAGENAME}} is inspired by Chinese and Kam (Dong). | ||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== | ||
*1: ''wahm'' /jɛŋ21/ | *1: ''wahm'' /jɛŋ21/ | ||
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{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | ||
|+''' | |+'''Feisen Wiebian initials''' | ||
!rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | !rowspan="2" colspan="2"| | ||
!colspan="2" |Labial | !colspan="2" |Labial | ||
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===Tones=== | ===Tones=== | ||
Feisen Wiebian has 10 tones. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | ||
Revision as of 03:25, 22 March 2016
| Tchwerian | |
|---|---|
| Wieber-Müđel | |
| Pronunciation | [/jiʔ˨ mɔŋ˩˧/] |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Hussmauch |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qwb |
Tchwerian (Wieber-Müđel (jidd moon) or Feiden-Müđel (??? moon)) is a lect of Modern Wiebian with a large number of tones. Tchwerian is inspired by Chinese and Kam (Dong).
Numbers
- 1: wahm /jɛŋ21/
- 2: disser /tʂɨ41/
- 3: narg /nɛʔ33/
- 4: đauf /ǃy41/
- 5: säl /si21/
- 6: stuhm /tʂɔŋ55/
- 7: rut /ʔɔʔ11/
- 8: lerz /laː41/
- 9: pfarb /pʰɛʔ44/
- 10: kier /kʰiː55/
Historical phonology
Middle Wiebian
| Labial | Alveolar | Retroflex | Click | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /ɳ̊/ | /ŋ̊!/ | /ŋ̊/ | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /ɳ/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /ʈ/ | /ǃ/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /ʈʰ/ | /ǃʰ/ | /kʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /ɖ/ | /ɡǃ/ | /ɡ/ | ||
| Spirants | voiceless | /f/ | /θ/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /h/ | |
| voiced | /ð/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | ||||
| Sibilants | voiceless | /s/ | /ʂ/ | ||||
| voiced | /z/ | /ʐ/ | |||||
| Approximant | voiceless | /ʍ/ | /l̥/ | ||||
| voiced | /w/ | /l/ | |||||
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||||||
| short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /y/ | /yː/ | /u/ | /uː/ | ||
| Mid | /e/ | /eː/ | /ø/ | /øː/ | /əː/ | /ɔ/ | /oː/ | |
| Open | /æ/ | /æː/ | /ɑ/ | /ɑː/ | ||||
Diphthongs: /ai au oy ja je iːa jaː wa wo uːa waː ɥa ɥø yːa ɥaː aiɐ auɐ oyɐ/
Tones:
- (-p m)
- (-p b)
- (-p g)
- (+p m)
- (+p b)
- (+p g)
Final changes
- Vowels lengthen before ŋ: ɑŋ æŋ eŋ iŋ oŋ øŋ uŋ yŋ > ɑːŋ æːŋ eːŋ iːŋ oːŋ øːŋ uːŋ yːŋ
- -ŋ! > -ŋ
- stops > ʔ; nasals > ŋ
Retroflex/slender split
- ɑ merger with ɔ, ɑː merger with aː
- ai ~ iː > iː in open syllables, aː in closed syllables
- a(ː) ~ ja(ː) > a(ː)
- e ~ je/i > ei
- əː ~ eː > ɛ
- au ~ ay > ɔ
- o(ː) ~ ø(ː) > œ
- u(ː) ~ y(ː) > y
- u(ː)a ~ y(ː)a > uː
- uo ~ yø > ou
- aiɐ ~ iːa > ja
- auɐ ~ oyɐ > wa
- ʔ > ʔ / r
- k > k / t͡ɕ
- ʈ > k / tʂ
- θ > ʂ / t
- ! > ! / |
- ɧ > r / r
- t > tʂ / ts
- p > p / pj
- n > ɳ / n
- ɳ > ŋ
- l > l / l or j depending on dialect
- r > l
Phonemic inventory
In this article, the phonemic values are also given in a pinyin.
Initials
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Click | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pal. | dental | retroflex | ||||||||
| Nasal | m /m/ | mj /mʲ/ | n /n/ | nzy /ŋǀ/ | ny /ŋ!/ | ng /ŋ/ | |||||
| Stop/Affricate | tenuis | b /p/ | bj /pʲ/ | dz /ts/ | d /t/ | dzs /ʈʂ/ | dzy /ǀ/ | gy /ǃ/ | dzj /tɕ/ | g /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | p /pʰ/ | pj /pʰʲ/ | c /tsʰ/ | t /tʰ/ | cs /ʈʂʰ/ | cy /ǀʰ/ | ty /ǃʰ/ | cj /tɕʰ/ | k /kʰ/ | ||
| Fricative | f /f/ | sz /s/ | s /ʂ/ | szj /ɕ/ | ch /x/ | h /h/ | |||||
| Approximant | w /w/ | l /l/ | j /j/ | ||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | short | long | ||
| Close | i /i/ | ü /y/ | [ɨ] | [ɨː] | u /u/ |
| Mid | e /ɛ/ | ö /œ/ | o /ɔ/ | ||
| Open | a /a/ | á /aː/ | |||
Diphthongs: é ő ó /ei øy ou/; /eiŋ øyŋ ouŋ/ = [eŋ~ẽĩ øŋ~ø̃ỹ oŋ~õũ]
Allowed finals -w, -j, -ʔ, -ŋ; øj, øw > øy. The pinyin indicates the nasal final by doubling the vowel letter.
- Notes
- /i/ and /y/ retract to [ɨ] after retroflexes and retroflex clicks.
- Glottal stop and nasal finals may assimilate to the next consonant.
Tones
Feisen Wiebian has 10 tones.
| Modal final | Breathy final | Glottalized final | Stop final | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless initial | -phar | -Ø 55 | -s 53 | -t 44 | -tt ʔ44 |
| +phar | -l 424 | -f 35 | -d 33 | -dd ʔ33 | |
| Voiced initial | -phar | -n 21 | -z 31 | ||
| +phar | -z 31 | -v 13 | -b 11 | -bb ʔ11 | |