Tergetian vernaculars: Difference between revisions

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'''Al-Qayljiyyah''' (the Arabic name for the language; the native name is ''a Ᵹaeiliᵹ'') is a descendant of Old Irish that has been heavily influenced by Arabic. It is written using the Arabic script. '''Qaylji''' may be used in English as the related adjective.
In [[Eevo]], "'''Tergetian languages'''" (''Terjedib'' or ''łynøñ Terjed'') refers to naturally evolved vernacular descendants of Classical Tseer. This is ironic, as Wen Dămea was called the Tergetian empire by some peoples in ancient times.


It has lost mutations and grammatical gender.
== Common features ==
 
* AuxVOS, with V a verbal noun (from topic final word order in Classical Tseer)
== A Ᵹiumhúirie Ᵹaelaċ ==
* Verbal nouns treated ergatively like in Irish ("my love to/by-him" means "his love for me") [a Standard Average Talman feature, opposite of SAE or Hebrew/JBA]
The '''Gaelic Republic''' (''a Ᵹiumhúirie Ᵹaelaċ'' /ə ɟʊmˈhuːrʲjə ˈgeːlˠəχ/) is a Goidelic-speaking, historically Muslim country comprising the entirety of the British Isles. It's often shortened to ''an Ᵹiumhúirie'' by its inhabitants. The indigenous Celtic speaking peoples converted to Islam around 11th century AD.
* Large but closed class of auxiliaries, e.g. for tense marking, or things like "marbeh lisloach" 'forgives often' (shared to some extent by Anbirese)
 
* Marks pluractionality by pluralizing the verbal noun
== Phonology ==
* construct state marked by a reflex of the CTseer 3sg.m possessive pronoun ''in''
Especially in educated, careful and formal speech, vowel-initial words are pronounced with a glottal stop.
* Verb tenses work a lot like like in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic or Scottish Gaelic
== Orthography ==
** "in VN" or "on VN" for imperfective aspect unmarked for tense
 
** "after VN" for perfective aspect
== Romanized spelling ==
** an auxiliary can be used to mark tense, which is relative to conjunctions like "before": "before (future aux)", "after (past aux)"
Based on our Irish orthography, but:
* Lenition is always spelled with an overdot, never with ''h''. This is because of Arabic clusters with /h/.
* /g/ (broad or slender) is spelled {{angbr|ᵹ}}.
=== Spelling Arabic loans ===
The spelling of Arabic loans strives to be simultaneously as etymological as possible and as faithful to Gaelic orthographical rules as possible. Where conflict exists, this section will specify what to choose.
The Arabic article is transliterated ''ail'' (except (1) when assimilated, and (2) in ''Alláh'' when pronounced with a broad L in Arabic), usually regardless of case endings preceding it.
e.g. Gaibd ail Ceirím 'Abdul Kareem'.
* Geminates are always reflected: e.g. ''Ħaiᵹᵹ'' /hac/ 'Hajj'.
* /dʒ q k x t θ d ð tˁ s sˁ dˁ ðˁ/ are borrowed as /ɟ k c x tʲ tʲ dʲ zʲ tˠ sʲ sˠ zˠ zˠ/.
* ''ra ru rØ'' becomes broad /rˠ/ (unless the r is word final); ''ri'' is slender /rʲ/.
* Arabic /z ʃ ʔ ʕ h ħ/ are transliterated {{angbr|z š ' g h ħ}} /zʲ ʃ ʔ ʔ h h/; the resulting z and š are always slender.
* Arabic labials /m b f w/ {{angbr|m b f v}} are considered to be broadness; these consonants have lost palatalization even in native Qaylji words.
* Arabic /j/ is always {{angbr|j}} initially: ''jagъní'' /ja:nʲi:/ 'i.e., namely'
* /a i u a: i: u: aj aw/ become (b_b, b_s, s_b, s_s): a/ai/ea/ei, oio/oi/io/i, u/ui/iu/iui, á/ái/eá/eái, oío/oí/ío/í, ú/úi/iú/iúi, ae/é/aei/éi, ó/eo/ói/eoi.
* In Arabic loans, final consonant is always slender unless laryngeal, /r/ or emphatic (This is because of the genitive ending ''-i'')
* Iotation in Arabic loans is spelled with an extra ''i'' before the vowel: ''ᵹiumhúirie'' /ɟʊmˈhuːrʲjə/ 'republic'. It palatalizes the preceding consonant unless preceded by ''o''.
* Arabic 3ayn is spelled {{angbr|g}}, but only acts as vowel coloring in Qaylji. It turns neighboring schwa to /ɐ/, and makes diphthongs /aj ai: ae: aw au: ao:/.
* In Arabic clusters that violate ''leathan le leathan agus caol le caol'', the Cyrillic hard sign ъ is used where the broadness switch happens. e.g. ''ceisъra'' /ˈcɛsʲrˠə/ 'kasrah (Arabic vowel sign)'. The hard sign is not necessary when a broad consonant is followed by /j/: ''šeaċsoie'' /ˈʃaxsˠjə/ 'character, personality', from Arabic ''šaxṣiyyah''.
 
== Grammar ==
article = ''a'' (sg), ''na'' (plural); no mutation, no gender
 
Arabic verbs are borrowed in their VN forms
 
''-a/-e'' nouns, including Arabic ones, get the ''-(e)an'' plural
 
Possession is always indicated with ''aᵹ'', even with pronouns: ''a maisᵹíd aᵹ a caṫair aᵹainn'' /ə məsʲˈciːdʲ əg ə ˈkahərʲ ˈagənʲ/ 'our city's mosque'.
 
3rd person pronouns are ''sé, sí, sin'' ('he, she, it')
 
== Wordlist ==
* seága [sʲæ:], [sʲæ:ʔɐ] (archaic) 'hour'
* deacaíoca [dʲəˈki:kə] 'minute'
* teáinie ['tʲæːnʲjə] 'second'
 
[[Category:Celtic languages]][[Category:Goidelic languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]]

Latest revision as of 19:54, 22 April 2023

In Eevo, "Tergetian languages" (Terjedib or łynøñ Terjed) refers to naturally evolved vernacular descendants of Classical Tseer. This is ironic, as Wen Dămea was called the Tergetian empire by some peoples in ancient times.

Common features

  • AuxVOS, with V a verbal noun (from topic final word order in Classical Tseer)
  • Verbal nouns treated ergatively like in Irish ("my love to/by-him" means "his love for me") [a Standard Average Talman feature, opposite of SAE or Hebrew/JBA]
  • Large but closed class of auxiliaries, e.g. for tense marking, or things like "marbeh lisloach" 'forgives often' (shared to some extent by Anbirese)
  • Marks pluractionality by pluralizing the verbal noun
  • construct state marked by a reflex of the CTseer 3sg.m possessive pronoun in
  • Verb tenses work a lot like like in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic or Scottish Gaelic
    • "in VN" or "on VN" for imperfective aspect unmarked for tense
    • "after VN" for perfective aspect
    • an auxiliary can be used to mark tense, which is relative to conjunctions like "before": "before (future aux)", "after (past aux)"
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