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Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions

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Tigol/Proto-Tigol (view source)

Revision as of 18:01, 31 July 2013

1,858 bytes added ,  31 July 2013
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|adjective = first
|adjective = first
|adposition = first
|adposition = first
|adverb= first
|adverb= mixed
|article= first
|article= first
|relativeclause = first
|relativeclause = first
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|Tonal      = Yes
|Tonal      = Yes
|Genders    = Yes
|Genders    = 2
|Declined  = Yes
|Declined  = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
|Conjugated = Yes
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| '''ǎi'''
| '''ǎi'''
|}
|}
The pitch accent of a word consists of two components: the lexical tone, and the position of the downstep (the latter is confined to appear after the 3rd-to-last mora). A high-tone word is consistently high until the downstep, whereafter the pitch drops sharply. A low-tone word starts low and has the highest pitch at the tonic mora, which is immediately before the downstep.
The pitch accent of a word (of more than one mora) consists of two components: the lexical tone, and the position of the downstep (the latter is confined to appear after the 3rd-to-last mora). A high-tone word is consistently high until the downstep, whereafter the pitch drops sharply. A low-tone word starts low and has the highest pitch at the tonic mora, which is immediately before the downstep.


The following are the rules governing the marking Themsaran pitch accent:
The following are the rules governing the marking Themsaran pitch accent:
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====Second declension====
====Second declension====
The second declension consists primarily of feminine nouns.
The second declension, consisting of vowel-final nouns, consists primarily of feminine nouns.
{| class="graytable lightgraybg " style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
{| class="graytable lightgraybg " style="width: 660px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Second declension'''
|+ '''Second declension'''
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|}
|}
====Tonal patterns of nominals====
====Tonal patterns of nominals====
Every noun falls under one of three tonal paradigms.
====Irregular nouns====
====Irregular nouns====
===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
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====Personal====
====Personal====
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Finite verbs are marked for TAM, degree (positive, "more/most"), voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs. The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. There are also several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions.
Finite verbs are marked for TAM, degree (positive, "more/most"), voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs, except in the imperative. The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. There are also several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions.
 
The conjugations are demonstrated below respectively with the verbs ''mól'' - 'thank', ''chrīgá'' - 'walk backwards', ''ga̋le'' - 'sing'.
====Active====
====Active====
=====Monopersonal affixes=====
=====Monopersonal affixes=====


{| class="graytable lightgraybg " style="width: 300px; text-align: center;"
|+ '''Present tense'''
|-
!style="width: 60px; "|
!style="width: 120px; "|Singular
!style="width: 120px; "|Plural
|-
!|1.ex
|rowspan="2"|
<!--sg-->
''mól'''ȉ'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''ai'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''ei'''''
|
<!--pl-->
''mól'''mà'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''ama'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''êma'''''
|-
!|1.in
|
<!--pl-->
''mól'''ènse'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''anse'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''ênse'''''
|-
!|2.m
|
<!--sg-->
''mól'''èr'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''ar'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''êr'''''
|
<!--pl-->
''mól'''èlse'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''alse'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''êlse'''''
|-
!|2.f
|
<!--sg-->
''mól'''ȅ'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''ā'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''îe'''''
|
<!--pl-->
''mól'''èrse'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''àrse'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''êrse'''''
|-
!|3.m
|
<!--sg-->
''mól'''è'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''à'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''ȅ'''''
|
<!--pl-->
''mól'''vì'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''avi'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''evi'''''
|-
!|3.f
|
<!--sg-->
''mól'''ìs'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''àis'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''ìes'''''
|
<!--pl-->
''mól'''tì'''''<br/>
''chrǐg'''ati'''''<br/>
''ga̋l'''eti'''''
|}
=====Bipersonal affixes=====
=====Bipersonal affixes=====
=====Non-finite forms=====


====Mediopassive====
====Mediopassive====
 
The mediopassive marks the subject as a patient of the verb. Apart from passivity, mediopassives may have a derivational function; they may indicate reflexive action or change of state. As such there are quite a few deponent verbs, verbs that are inherently mediopassive, and also mediopassive counterparts of active intransitive verbs.
=====Monopersonal affixes=====
=====Monopersonal affixes=====
=====Bipersonal affixes=====
=====Bipersonal affixes=====
=====Non-finite forms=====


====Periphrastic TAMs====
====Periphrastic TAMs====
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===Noun phrases===
===Noun phrases===
===Equational sentences===
===Equational sentences===
===Relative clauses===
===Relative clauses===
===Coreferentiality===
===Coreferentiality===
====Relative clauses====
====Indirect speech====
==Derivational morphology==
==Derivational morphology==


[[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]]
[[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A priori]]
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