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===Tone=== | ===Tone=== | ||
Pitch accent, or tone, is phonemic in Themsaran. | Pitch accent, or tone, is phonemic in Themsaran. The following is the notation for tones: | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 90px; "| | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Short | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Long | |||
! style="width: 90px; " |Diphthong | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Unmarked | |||
| '''a''' | |||
| '''ā''' | |||
| '''ai''' | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Initial high/falling | |||
| '''á''' | |||
| '''ā́''' | |||
| '''ái''' | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Initial rising | |||
| '''-''' | |||
| '''ā̌''' | |||
| '''aí''' | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Non-initial tonic | |||
| '''á''' | |||
| '''ā́''' | |||
| '''ái''' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
The pitch accent of a word (of more than one mora) consists of two components: the lexical tone, and the position of the downstep (the latter is confined to appear after the 3rd-to-last mora). A low-tone word starts low and has the highest pitch at the tonic mora, which is immediately before the downstep, whereafter the pitch drops sharply. A high-tone word is consistently high until the downstep in theory, but it was probably natural for the pitch to dip to some extent approaching the downstep in longer words. | |||
The following rules govern the marking of Themsaran pitch accent: | |||
#The initial syllable is marked if it is the tonic syllable. If it is not, it is marked as "high". | |||
#If the tonic syllable is non-initial, it is marked with an acute accent. | |||
If the downstep occurred word-finally, the first syllable of a following high tone word would have slightly lower pitch. In [[w:Pausa|pausa]], a word final high short syllable is realized as a falling, short vowel. | |||
Clitics, unmarked, phonologically behave as parts of the following word and inherit the tone of the following word. Preceding a word with high lexical tone, the clitic is marked as high. | |||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||