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| ===Tone=== | | ===Tone=== |
| Pitch accent, or tone, is phonemic in Themsaran. The following is the notation for tones: | | Pitch accent, or tone, is phonemic in Themsaran. |
| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| ! style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Short
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Long
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| ! style="width: 90px; " |Diphthong
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Unmarked
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| | '''a'''
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| | '''ā'''
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| | '''ai'''
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| |-
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| ! style="" |High
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| | '''á'''
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| | '''a̋'''
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| | '''ái'''
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Low
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| | '''à'''
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| | '''ȁ'''
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| | '''ài'''
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Falling
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| | -
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| | '''â'''
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| | '''âi'''
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Rising
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| | -
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| | '''ǎ'''
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| | '''ǎi'''
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| |}
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| The pitch accent of a word (of more than one mora) consists of two components: the lexical tone, and the position of the downstep (the latter is confined to appear after the 3rd-to-last mora). A low-tone word starts low and has the highest pitch at the tonic mora, which is immediately before the downstep, whereafter the pitch drops sharply. A high-tone word is consistently high until the downstep in theory, but it was probably natural for the pitch to dip to some extent approaching the downstep in longer words.
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| The following rules govern the marking of Themsaran pitch accent:
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| #High lexical tone is marked in the initial syllable; low tone is not marked, unless necessitated by rule 2.
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| #The tonic syllable is always marked:
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| ##If the downstep occurs after a long syllable (syllable with a long vowel or diphthong), the syllable is rising in a low-tone word, and high in a high-tone word.
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| ##If the downstep occurs between the two morae of a long syllable, the syllable has falling tone.
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| #If there is only one high-marked syllable, it is understood as tonic.
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| #In pausa a final long syllable with a high or rising tone is converted to a falling tone.
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| If the downstep occurred word-finally, the first syllable of a following high tone word would have slightly lower pitch. In [[w:Pausa|pausa]], a word final high short syllable is realized as a falling, short vowel.
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| Clitics, unmarked, phonologically behave as parts of the following word and inherit the tone of the following word. Preceding a word with high lexical tone, the clitic is marked as high.
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| ===Stress=== | | ===Stress=== |