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Tigol/Proto-Tigol: Difference between revisions
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| x~χ ⟨ch⟩ | | x~χ ⟨ch⟩ | ||
| ħ~ʜ~ʢ ⟨ħ⟩ | | ħ~ʜ~ʢ ⟨ħ⟩ | ||
| h | | h~ɦ ⟨h⟩ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Affricate | ! style="" |Affricate | ||
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| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== | |||
[ʔ] may occur only in morpheme boundaries. | |||
====Conditioned allophony==== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="graytable lightgraybg" style="width: 570px; text-align:center;" | |||
! style="width: 120px; "|Phoneme | |||
! style="width: 120px; " |Allophone | |||
! style="width: 120px; " |Condition(s) | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2"| /ħ/ | |||
| [ħ~ʜ] | |||
| #_, C[+voiceless]_ | |||
|- | |||
| [ʡ~ʢ] | |||
| V_V, C[+voiced]_ | |||
|- | |||
| /h/ | |||
| [ɦ] | |||
| V_V, C[+voiced]_ | |||
|- | |||
| C[+obstruent, ±voiced] | |||
| C[+obstruent, ∓voiced] | |||
| _C[+obstruent, -guttural, ∓voiced] | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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The pitch accent of a word consists of two components: the lexical tone, and the position of the downstep (the latter is confined to appear after the 3rd-to-last mora). A high-tone word is consistently high until the downstep, whereafter the pitch drops sharply. A low-tone word starts low and has the highest pitch at the tonic mora, which is immediately before the downstep. | The pitch accent of a word consists of two components: the lexical tone, and the position of the downstep (the latter is confined to appear after the 3rd-to-last mora). A high-tone word is consistently high until the downstep, whereafter the pitch drops sharply. A low-tone word starts low and has the highest pitch at the tonic mora, which is immediately before the downstep. | ||
The following | The following are the rules governing the marking Themsaran pitch accent: | ||
#High lexical tone is marked in the initial syllable; low tone is not marked, unless necessitated by rule 2. | #High lexical tone is marked in the initial syllable; low tone is not marked, unless necessitated by rule 2. | ||
#The tonic syllable is always marked: | #The tonic syllable is always marked: | ||
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#If the first syllable has high tone and precedes a downstep, the second syllable is marked as low. | #If the first syllable has high tone and precedes a downstep, the second syllable is marked as low. | ||
If the downstep occurred word-finally, the first syllable of a following high tone word would have slightly lower pitch. | If the downstep occurred word-finally, the first syllable of a following high tone word would have slightly lower pitch. In [[w:Pausa|pausa]], a word final high short syllable is realized as a falling, short vowel. | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
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====Personal==== | ====Personal==== | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Finite verbs are marked for TAM, degree (positive, "more/most"), voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, | Finite verbs are marked for TAM, degree (positive, "more/most"), voice (active and mediopassive), the subject's person, number, and gender and, if the direct object is definite, is obligatorily marked with the (usually direct) object's person, number, and gender in most TAMs. The verb may agree with an indirect object (which is typically animate) instead of with the direct object. There are also several non-finite forms, used with various subordinating conjunctions. | ||
====Active==== | ====Active==== | ||
=====Monopersonal affixes===== | =====Monopersonal affixes===== | ||