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Tumachee: Difference between revisions
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===Endonym=== | ===Endonym=== | ||
The Tumachee endonym, ''tûmaḩ'', is probably derived from the Proto-Tumachic word ''*dúmh₂s'', which means "wide prairie, lowland". As the ancient(and modern) Tumachee lived in relatively low-lying areas like river basins, this may explain the reason for it becoming an endonym. The Tumachee and Gzuwê words for "lowland" are also derived from ''*dúmh₂s'': Tumachee ''tumîḩi'' and Gzuwê ''ttumiz''. | The Tumachee endonym, ''tûmaḩ'', is probably derived from the Proto-Tumachic word ''*dúmh₂s'', which means "wide prairie, lowland". As the ancient(and modern) Tumachee lived in relatively low-lying areas like river basins, this may explain the reason for it becoming an endonym. The Tumachee and Gzuwê words for "lowland" are also derived from ''*dúmh₂s'': Tumachee ''tumîḩi'' and Gzuwê ''ttumiz''. | ||
===Exonym=== | ===Exonym=== | ||
The English exonym ''Tumachee'' has an origin in the language of the now extinct Jikiha(Tumachee: ''Gzîkka'') tribe, who were the first members of the Sleeping Bull Confederacy to interact with British colonisers. The Jikiha exchanged information on the other tribes and peoples in Sleeping Bull, and probably referred to the Tumachee people as ''*tú(ð)máki'', which is a plural form of ''*tú(ð)mág'', which was then loaned into English as initially ''Toumacke'' or ''Tumacki'' and then finally into ''Tumachee''. | The English exonym ''Tumachee'' has an origin in the language of the now extinct Jikiha(Tumachee: ''Gzîkka'') tribe, who were the first members of the Sleeping Bull Confederacy to interact with British colonisers. The Jikiha exchanged information on the other tribes and peoples in Sleeping Bull, and probably referred to the Tumachee people as ''*tú(ð)máki'', which is a plural form of ''*tú(ð)mág'', which was then loaned into English as initially ''Toumacke'' or ''Tumacki'' and then finally into ''Tumachee''. | ||
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| Zz<br>[z] || colspan=5 | | | Zz<br>[z] || colspan=5 | | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
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====Initial voicing==== | ====Initial voicing==== | ||
Tumachee has initial voicing, meaning voiceless consonants are automatically voiced at the beginning of a word, though their orthographic representation is not changed, so ''âto'' is pronounced [átɔ] but ''sâto'' is pronounced [zátɔ]. | Tumachee has initial voicing, meaning voiceless consonants are automatically voiced at the beginning of a word, though their orthographic representation is not changed, so ''âto'' is pronounced [átɔ] but ''sâto'' is pronounced [zátɔ]. | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
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Tumachee has one tone that only appears on vowels, the high tone([˦]). Orthographically, it is marked by a circumflex(e.g. ''â''). | Tumachee has one tone that only appears on vowels, the high tone([˦]). Orthographically, it is marked by a circumflex(e.g. ''â''). | ||
===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
Tumachee mostly follows the syllable structure of (C)V(C), where C is any consonant and V is any vowel. | Tumachee mostly follows the syllable structure of (C)V(C), where C is any consonant and V is any vowel. The consonant [w] can act as both a vowel or a consonant, though unlike other vowels it has no high tone variation. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Names=== | |||
Traditionally, the Tumachee people have assigned mononyms to newborn children. These "baby names" usually have meanings related to when, where and/or how the baby was born, e.g. ''Kêḩalgzîgziwewakbân'', or "Boy born with difficulties under a full moon". | |||
====Mononyms==== | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
====Adjectives==== | ====Adjectives==== | ||